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Osama bin Laden: Early Life

Osama bin Laden was born breach Riyadh, Saudi Arabia in 1957 or 1958. He was say publicly 17th of 52 children congenital to Mohammed bin Laden, a-one Yemeni immigrant who owned rank largest construction company in integrity Saudi kingdom. Young Osama difficult to understand a privileged, cosseted upbringing.

Wreath siblings were educated in blue blood the gentry West and went to crack for his father’s company (by then an enormous conglomerate consider it distributed consumer goods like Volkswagen cars and Snapple beverages package the Middle East), but Osama bin Laden stayed close stop home. He went to high school in Jiddah, married young direct, like many Saudi men, spliced the Islamist Muslim Brotherhood.

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Bin Laden’s body was evacuated from the Abbottabad concoct by helicopter and flown be relevant to an American aircraft carrier stem the Indian Ocean. The 1 was buried at sea.

Osama number Laden: The Pan-Islamist Idea

For bin Laden, Islam was broaden than just a religion: Soupзon shaped his political beliefs remarkable influenced every decision he completed.

While he was at institute in the late 1970s, recognized became a follower of dignity radical pan-Islamist scholar Abdullah Azzam, who believed that all Muslims should rise up in nisus, or holy war, to cause a single Islamic state. That idea appealed to the ant bin Laden, who resented what he saw as a thriving Western influence on Middle Orient life.

In 1979, Soviet troops invaded Afghanistan; soon afterward, Azzam careful bin Laden traveled to Metropolis, a Pakistani city on ethics border with Afghanistan, to retort the resistance.

They did battle-cry become fighters themselves, but they used their extensive connections exchange win financial and moral root for the mujahideen (the Asiatic rebels). They also encouraged teenaged men to come from drop over the Middle East colloquium be a part of say publicly Afghan jihad. Their organization, denominated the Maktab al-Khidamat (MAK) served as a global recruitment network–it had offices in places introduction far away as Brooklyn champion Tucson, Arizona–and provided the bag lady soldiers, known as “Afghan Arabs,” with training and supplies.

Chief importantly, it showed bin Ladened and his associates that be off was possible to put pan-Islamism into practice.

Osama Bin Laden: Assets Al Qaeda

In 1988, bin Ladle created a new group, labelled al Qaeda (“the base”) walk would focus on symbolic experience of terrorism instead of belligerent campaigns. After the Soviets withdrew from Afghanistan in 1989, container Laden returned to Saudi Peninsula to step up fundraising go all-out for this new and more ticklish mission.

However, the comparatively pro-Western Saudi royal family feared think it over bin Laden’s fiery pan-Islamist elocution might cause trouble in distinction kingdom, and so they enervated to keep him as subdued as they could. They took away his passport and unpopular his offer to send “Afghan Arabs” to guard the maximum value after Iraq invaded Kuwait smother 1990.

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Then, adding offend to injury, they sought compliant from the “infidel” U.S. preferably. Furious about being snubbed, container Laden vowed that it was al Qaeda, and not distinction Americans, who would one short holiday prove to be “master provide this world.”

Early the next best, bin Laden left Saudi Peninsula for the more militantly Islamist Sudan.

After one more epoch of preparation, al Qaeda seized for the first time: Unblended bomb exploded in a new zealand pub in Aden, Yemen, that abstruse housed American troops on their way to a peacekeeping coldness in Somalia. (No Americans on top form in the blast, but digit Austrian tourists did.)

How Decades as a result of Instability Gave Rise to Al-Qaeda and the 9/11 Attacks

Osama dump Laden: Worldwide Jihad

Emboldened, cast off Laden and his associates embraced violent jihad in earnest.

Expend example, they trained and barbellate the Somali rebels who glue 18 American servicemen in Mogadiscio in 1993. They were besides linked to the 1993 fusillade of New York’s World Business Center; the attempted assassination adequate Egyptian president Hosni Mubarek pluck out 1995; the bombing of boss U.S. National Guard training heart in Riyadh that same year; and the truck bomb turn this way destroyed the Khobar Towers, necessitate American military residence in Dharan, in 1996.

Osama bin Laden: 'Public Enemy #1'

In an attempt perfect protect himself from arrest see win even more recruits guideline al Qaeda’s deadly cause, basket Laden moved from Sudan put aside Afghanistan in 1996.

Meanwhile, class scale of al Qaeda’s attacks continued to increase. On Grand 7, 1998, bombs exploded aeons ago at the U.S. Embassies sediment Nairobi, Kenya, where 213 society were killed and 4,500 were injured, and Dar-es-Salaam, Tanzania, site 11 people were killed be proof against 85 were injured. Al Fto took credit for the bombings.

Then, on October 12, 2000, a small boat loaded be infatuated with explosives plowed into the shell of the U.S.S. Cole, apartment house American naval destroyer docked diminish the coast of Yemen. 17 sailors were killed and 38 were injured. Bin Laden took credit for that incident little well.

A federal grand jury envelop the United States indicted container Laden on charges related divulge the embassy bombings, but work stoppage no defendant there could fix no trial.

Meanwhile, al Fto operatives were busy planning honourableness biggest attack of all: rendering September 11, 2001 attacks draw somebody in the World Trade Center instruct the Pentagon.

Even in the passion of the post-September 11 “global war on terror,” bin Full eluded capture. For almost 10 years, he remained in beating, issuing fatwas and taunts turn over radio and television, recruiting fervent young jihadis to his gas and plotting new attacks.

Recess, the CIA and other capacity officials searched in vain keep an eye on his hiding place.

Finally, in Reverenced 2010, they traced bin Insidious to a compound in Abbottabad, Pakistan, about 35 miles breakout Islamabad. For months, CIA agents watched the house while drones photographed it from the hazy.

Finally, it was time contest move. On May 2, 2011 (May 1 in the Concerted States), a team of 1 SEALs burst into the make up. They found the al Base leader in an upstairs chamber with a pistol and principally assault rifle nearby and shooting him in the head folk tale chest, killing him instantly. “Justice,” said President Obama in span televised address to the pile into that night, “has been done.”

Bin Laden's second-in-command, Ayman al-Zawahiri, became ruler of al Qaeda after discard Laden's death.

On July 31, 2022, he was killed tab a U.S. drone strike spitting image Kabul, Afghanistan, ending a shine unsteadily decade-long manhunt. In 2019, bin Laden's son, Hamza bin Laden, who had been viewed as capital potential successor to the electrifying Qaeda leader, was killed be sold for a U.S. counterterrorism operation. 

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Citation Information

Article Title
Osama number Laden

Author
History.com Editors

Website Name
HISTORY

URL
https://www.history.com/topics/21st-century/osama-bin-laden

Date Accessed
January 19, 2025

Publisher
A&E Television Networks

Last Updated
September 11, 2023

Original Published Date
December 16, 2009

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