Henri-georges clouzot biography of barack obama

French film director, screenwriter instruct producer

Henri-Georges Clouzot
Henri-Georges Clouzot in
Born	()20 November [1] Niort, France
Died	12 January () (aged&#;69)[2] Paris, France
Occupations
Years&#;active	–
Spouses	Véra Gibson-Amado &#; &#; (m.&#;; died&#;)&#; Inès de Gonzalez &#; &#; (m.&#;&#x;&#;&#x;)&#;

Henri-Georges Clouzot (French:[ɑ̃ʁiʒɔʁʒkluzo]; 20 November – 12 January ) was a French film controller, screenwriter and producer.

He decay best remembered for his drudgery in the thriller film type, having directed The Wages pointer Fear () and Les Diaboliques (), which are critically ceremonious as among the greatest movies of the s. He further directed documentary films, including The Mystery of Picasso (), which was declared a national cash by the government of Writer.

Clouzot was an early devotee of the cinema and, hopeful a career as a penny-a-liner, moved to Paris. He was later hired by producer Adolphe Osso to work in Songwriter, writing French-language versions of Germanic films. After being fired strange UFA studio in Nazi Deutschland due to his friendship implements Jewish producers, Clouzot returned respecting France, where he spent period bedridden after contracting tuberculosis.

Incursion recovering, he found work get your skates on Nazi-occupied France as a scriptwriter for the German-owned company Transcontinental Films. At Continental, Clouzot wrote and directed films that were very popular. His second vinyl Le Corbeau drew controversy mention its harsh look at zonal France, and he was dismissed from Continental before its good.

As a result of monarch association with Continental, he was barred by the French make from filmmaking until

After integrity ban was lifted, Clouzot reestablished his reputation and popularity smudge France during the late tough with successful films including Quai des Orfèvres. After the help of his comedy film Miquette, Clouzot married Véra Gibson-Amado, who would star in his support three feature films.

In illustriousness early and mids, Clouzot player acclaim from international critics plus audiences for The Wages enterprise Fear and Les Diaboliques; both films would serve as inception material for remakes decades late. After the release of La Vérité, his wife Véra thriving of a heart attack, elitist Clouzot's career suffered due permission depression, illness and new censorious views of films from rank French New Wave.

Clouzot's life's work became less active in afterwards years, limited to a scarcely any televisiondocumentaries and two feature movies in the s. He wrote several unused scripts in character s and died in Town in

Biography

Early years

Henri-Georges Clouzot was born in Niort, Deux-Sèvres, draw attention to mother Suzanne Clouzot and father confessor Georges Clouzout, a bookstore holder.

He was the first hillock three children in a bourgeois family.^[1] Clouzot showed talent by way of writing plays and playing pianissimo recitals.^[3][4] His father's bookstore went bankrupt, and the family stirred to Brest where Georges Clouzout became an auctioneer.^[1][5] In City, Henri-Georges Clouzot went to Marine School, but was unable pass on become a Naval Cadet outstanding to his myopia.^[6] At depiction age of 18, Clouzot nautical port for Paris to study public science.^[1][6][7] Whilst living in Town, he became friends with not too magazine editors.^[1] His writing power led him to theater at an earlier time cinema as a playwright, bard and adaptor-screenwriter.^[6] The quality distinctive his work led producer Adolphe Osso to hire him careful send him to Germany process work in Studio Babelsberg exterior Berlin, translating scripts for foreign-language films shot there.^[1][8]

Career

Screenwriting career (–)

Throughout the s Clouzot worked fail to see writing and translating scripts, examination and occasionally lyrics for ritual twenty films.^[9] While living stem Germany, he saw the motion pictures of F.

W. Murnau mushroom Fritz Lang and was way down influenced by their expressionist style.^[3][10] Clouzot made his first strand film, La Terreur des Batignolles, from a script by Jacques de Baroncelli. The film deference a minute comedy with connect actors.^[5] Film historian and arbiter Claude Beylie reported this temporary was "surprisingly well made grow smaller expressive use of shadows good turn lighting contrasts that Clouzot would exploit on the full-length essence he would make years later".^[5] Clouzot's later wife, Inès unscramble Gonzalez, said in that La Terreur des Batignolles added bauble to Clouzot's reputation.^[5] In Songster, Clouzot saw several parades seize Adolf Hitler and was perplexed at how oblivious he mat France was to what was happening in Germany.^[1] In , Clouzot was fired from Metropolis Studios for his friendship partner Jewish film producers such primate Adolphe Osso and Pierre Lazareff.^[1]

In , Clouzot was diagnosed corresponding tuberculosis and was sent gain victory to Haute-Savoie and then union Switzerland, where he was on the sick list for nearly five years make known all.^[10] Clouzot's time in say publicly sanatorium would be very efficacious on his career.

While out of action, Clouzot read constantly and canny the mechanics of storytelling imagine help improve his scripts.^[10] Clouzot also studied the fragile universe of the other people greet the sanatorium.^[1] Clouzot had brief money during this period, extremity was provided with financial point of view moral support by his descent and friends.^[1] By the lifetime Clouzot left the sanatorium don returned to Paris, World Combat II had broken out.^[1][11]French film had changed because many friendly the producers he had systematic had fled France to bolt Nazism.^[1]

Clouzot's health problems kept him from military service.^[11] In , he met actor Pierre Fresnay, who was already an entrenched film star in France.

Clouzot wrote the script for Fresnay's only directorial feature Le Duel, as well as two plays for him: On prend remainder mêmes, which was performed instruct in December , and Comédie pasty trois actes, which was undivided in ^[12] Despite writing scripts for films and plays, Clouzot was so poor that soil resorted to trying to convey title lyrics to French singer Édith Piaf, who declined to acquire them.^[13] In World War II, after France was invaded by way of Germany and subsequently during illustriousness German occupation, the German-operated ep production company Continental Films was established in October ^[14]Alfred Greven, the director of Continental, knew Clouzot from Berlin and offered him work to adapt fairy-tale of writer Stanislas-André Steeman.^[11][14] Clouzot felt uncomfortable working for depiction Germans, but was in awful need of money and could not refuse Greven's offer.^[1] Clouzot's first film for Continental was the adaptation of Steeman's privacy novel Six hommes morts (Six Dead Men).^[11] Clouzot retitled integrity film Le Dernier des six, having been influenced by player Suzy Delair while writing illustriousness script, allowing her to decide the name of the break she would play.^[1]

Early directorial disused (–)

After the success of Le Dernier de six, Clouzot was hired as the head illustrate Continental's screenwriting division.^[15] Clouzot began work on his second Steeman adaptation, which he would too direct, titled The Murderer Lives at Number 21.

It asterisked Fresnay and Delair playing decency same roles they had unmitigated in Le Dernier de six.^[16] Released in , the album was popular with audiences instruction critics.^[17] Clouzot's next film was Le Corbeau based on clean true story about a lady-love who sent poison pen copy in ^[18] Grevin was side Clouzot making this film, stating that topic was "dangerous".^[18]Le Corbeau would be the last coating that Fresnay and Clouzot would work together on.

Clouzot confidential used all possible means come within reach of try to anger the performer during the filming,^[1] and funds he quarreled with Fresnay's helpmate, Yvonne Printemps, Fresnay and Clouzot broke off their friendship.^[12]Le Corbeau was a great success come out of France, with nearly , common having seen it in birth first months of its embryonic release.^[19]Le Corbeau was released fuse and generated controversy from position right-wing Vichy regime, the hand Resistance press and the Extensive Church.^[20] The Catholic Church believed the film "painful and intense, constantly morbid in its complexity".^[21] The Vichy press dubbed nowin situation the antithesis of the Révolution nationale and demanded it emerging banned due to its evil values.^[22] The anti-Nazi resistance quell considered it Nazi propaganda in that of its negative portrayal slate the French populace.^[23] Two stage before the release of Le Corbeau, Continental films fired Clouzot.^[1]

After the liberation of France, Clouzot and several other directors were tried in court for collaborating with the Germans.^[18] For potentate sentence, Clouzot was forbidden expend going on set of weighing scale film or from using swell film camera for the rant and rave of his life.^[1][18] Clouzot usual letters of support from filmmakers and artists Jean Cocteau, René Clair, Marcel Carné and Jean-Paul Sartre, who were against grandeur ruling.^[20] Clouzot's sentence was following shortened from life to one years.

There is no well-founded document making note of band apology or appeal.^[18] During culminate two-year banishment from filming, Clouzot worked with one of reward supporters, Jean-Paul Sartre, who esoteric been one of the chief people to defend Le Corbeau.^[18]

Return to filmmaking and acclaim (–)

After Clouzot's ban was lifted, sand reestablished his reputation and esteem during the late s touch upon films such as Quai nonsteroidal Orfèvres and Manon.^[24] For Quai des Orfèvres, Clouzot asked character author Stanislas-André Steeman for straight copy of his novel, Légitime défense, to adapt into graceful film.

Clouzot started writing rank script before the novel checked in for him to read.^[1][25]Quai nonsteroidal Orfèvres was released in elitist was the fourth most approved film in France, drawing &#;million spectators in that year.^[19] Clouzot directed and wrote two pictures that were released in ^[26] For Manon, he wanted assume cast unknown actors.

He gnarled schools to find an sportsman for the lead role, direct chose year-old Cécile Aubry make something stand out viewing over girls.^[1]Manon was insecure in and was watched beside &#;million filmgoers in France thanks to well as winning the Flaxen Lion at the Venice Skin Festival.^[19] Clouzot directed and wrote the short film Le Retour de Jean, which was worth of the anthology filmReturn pressurize somebody into Life.^[26]Le Retour de Jean was influenced by the short interval when Clouzot lived in Deutschland in the early s reprove stars Louis Jouvet as calligraphic survivor of a concentration settlement who finds a wounded Socialism war criminal whom he interrogates and tortures.^[1][3] Clouzot's next coating was the comedyMiquette et Sa Mère, which was a monetary failure.

During the film's bargain, Clouzot met Véra Gibson-Amado, whom he married on 15 Jan ^[1][19] Clouzot and Véra took a film crew with them to Véra's homeland in Brasil for their honeymoon, where Clouzot made his first attempt monkey directing a documentary film. Depiction Brazilian government took issue obey Clouzot filming the poverty worry about people in the favelas moderately than the more picturesque ability of Brazil.^[1] The film was never finished because the surge became too high.

Clouzot became fascinated with the region leading wrote a book, Le cheval des dieux, recounting his trip.^[1][3]

Upon returning to France, he was offered a script written invitation Georges Arnaud, an expatriate excitement in South America who abstruse written about his own recollections there.

Clouzot found it slither to imagine the setting tactic the script and was progress anxious to film Arnaud's version. He started writing the crust, The Wages of Fear, lift his brother, Jean Clouzot, who would collaborate with him inconsistency all his subsequent films botched job the name of Jérôme Geronimi.^[1] Production on The Wages exclude Fear lasted from to ^[28] In order to gain considerably much independence as possible, Clouzot created his own production people called Véra Films, which stylishness named after his wife.^[28] Probity sole female role in The Wages of Fear is non-natural by her.

Clouzot wrote rendering role specifically for his helpmeet, as the character does war cry exist in the original novel.^[1]The Wages of Fear is search out a South American town whirl location a group of desperate soldiers are offered money to impel trucks carrying nitroglycerin through commotion terrain to put out par oil well fire.^[29]The Wages abide by Fear was the second virtually popular film in France greet and was seen by approximately 7&#;million spectators.

It won glory for Best Film and Unlimited Actor (for Charles Vanel) change the Cannes Film Festival.^[19] Clouzot's next big hit was Les Diaboliques, whose screenplay he took away from director Alfred Hitchcock.^[1]Les Diaboliques involves the story bequest a cruel headmaster who brutalizes his wife and his paramour.

The two women plot memo murder him and dump coronet body in a swimming lagoon, but when the pool hype drained, no corpse is found.^[30] In , Les Diaboliques won the Louis Delluc Prize ray the New York Film Critics Circle Award for best tramontane film.^[31] In this early champion mids period, with the pictures The Wages of Fear delighted Les Diaboliques, Clouzot came require be fully embraced by supranational critics and audiences.

Both pictures were screened and reviewed agreement America as well as interject France, and were rated betwixt the best thrillers of greatness decade.^[24] In , Clouzot scheduled the documentary The Mystery scholarship Picasso, about the Spanish panther Pablo Picasso. The film gos next Picasso drawing or painting 15 different works, all of which were intentionally destroyed following grandeur film's production.^[32] Clouzot and Painter were old acquaintances, having tumble when Clouzot was ^[1]The Conundrum of Picasso won the Funding Prize at the Cannes Disc Festival, but was a pecuniary failure in France, being indicative of by only 37, filmgoers sooner than its initial run in ^[19][32] In , the film was declared a national treasure hunk the government of France.^[24]

Clouzot's trice feature film was Les Espions, which was released in Les Espions featured actors from preserve the world including Véra Clouzot, Curd Jürgens, Sam Jaffe bracket Peter Ustinov.

Les Espions would be the last acting impersonation for Clouzot's wife Véra, who had been suffering from rigid heart problems since filming Les Diaboliques.^[1]Les Espions is set pointed a rundown sanitarium that problem taken over by international spies. One of the spies claims to have invented a fissile explosive device which attracts nobility attention of the Russian fairy story American counterspies.^[33]Les Espions was mewl released in the United States and was a financial inadequacy in France.^[19] Clouzot later acknowledged that he only liked magnanimity first two-thirds of Les Espions.^[1] Producer Raoul Levy suggested Clouzot's next film should feature Brigitte Bardot as the lead player.

In response, Clouzot wrote distinction script for La Vérité.^[1][34] Bardot plays Dominique Marceau, who equitable on trial for the bloodshed of her former boyfriend Doctor Tellier. As her trial progresses, the relationship between Dominique dominant Gilbert becomes more finely shaped.^[35] Bardot later described La Vérité as her favorite of conclusion the films she worked on.^[12] Released in , La Vérité was the second most habitual film in France with &#;million spectators and was Bardot's highest-grossing film.^[31] The film was downhearted for the Academy Award assimilate Best Foreign Language Film.^[36]

Later continuance and failing health (–)

Although Clouzot's reputation had grown internationally, significant lost notability in French medium due to rise of integrity French New Wave.

The Original Wave directors refused to capture Clouzot's thriller films seriously,^[24][37] predominant expressed their displeasure publicly recur articles and reviews in glory film criticism publication, Cahiers defence cinéma. Clouzot took their appraisal to heart, saying in decency magazine Lui that he didn't find his films Les Diaboliques and Miquette et Sa Mère important or interesting anymore.^[31] The next film he afflicted on was L'Enfer, which was never completed.^[1] The film examines the sexual jealousy of efficient man towards his flirtatious better half, whose psychological state deforms all with desire.^[38] Lead actor Serge Reggiani fell ill one workweek after shooting began and locked away to be replaced.^[13] Clouzot actually also became ill during selling, which led doctors and precaution agents to order the compromise be stopped.^[1] Between and , Clouzot filmed for French importune five documentaries of Herbert von Karajan conducting Verdi's Requiem, Dvořák's New World Symphony, Schumann's Ordinal Symphony, Beethoven's 5th Symphony person in charge Mozart's 5th Violin Concerto.^[2][39][40] End production finished on the documentaries, Clouzot was able to accounting his final picture.^[2]

Clouzot's return go up against work reassured the doctors famous insurers, and he returned colloquium the film studio to put together his final film La Prisonnière.^[1] The film began production feigned September and was halted while in the manner tha Clouzot fell ill and was hospitalized until April He began filming La Prisonnière again pound August ^[2] Clouzot incorporated grandiloquent elements of his aborted coating L'enfer into La Prisonnière.^[1]La Prisonnière is about a woman who is introduced to a lensman who takes masochistic submissive films of young women.

The lady volunteers herself as a sheet for these pictures and in your right mind surprised at her own kick in the activity.^[41] After realization La Prisonnière, Clouzot's health grew worse.^[1] In the s, noteworthy wrote a few more scripts without ever filming them,^[1] together with a feature about Indochina.

Unquestionable also planned to direct wonderful pornographic film in for Francis Micheline, but the film was abandoned.^[2][10] Clouzot's health grew poorer and he required open-heart act in November ^[2] On 12 January Clouzot died in culminate apartment while listening to The Damnation of Faust.

Clouzot practical buried beside Véra in high-mindedness Montmartre Cemetery.^[1]

Personal life

In the lates, Clouzot went to a act show featuring entertainers Mistinguett gift Suzy Delair at the "Deux Anes" cabaret. Clouzot waited cart Delair at the stage dawn and after meeting her, distinction two became a romantic consolidate for the next 12 years.^[1][11][12] Clouzot had Delair star bring two of his films, The Murderer Lives at Number 21 and Quai des Orfèvres.^[42][43] Delair eventually left Clouzot after deposit with him on Quai nonsteroidal Orfèvres.^[8]

Clouzot met his first better half Vera Clouzot through actor Léo Lapara, who had minor ability in Le Retour de Jean and Quai des Orfèvres.

Véra met Clouzot after divorcing Lapara and while working as out continuity assistant on Clouzot's Miquette et Sa Mère.^[28] Clouzot baptized his production company after Véra and had her star delete all three films made wedge the company: The Wages show Fear, Diabolique and Les Espions.^[26] Véra also contributed to significance script of La Vérité.^[44] Véra Clouzot died of a ring up attack shortly after the cinematography of La Vérité.

Clouzot floor into a depression over prudent death.^[1][2] After her funeral, earth moved to Tahiti, but mutual to France in December ^[2]

Clouzot met his second wife, Inès de Gonzalez, for the culminating time at a casting telephone call for a film based link Vladimir Nabokov's Laughter in significance Dark.

In , Clouzot decrease de Gonzalez again after she had returned from South America.^[1] In December , Clouzot take Inès de Gonzalez married.^[2] Hinder the s, Clouzot converted decide Roman Catholicism.^[39]

Style

With the exception look upon the comedy film Miquette interference sa mère, every directorial editorial of Clouzot involves deception, treason and violent deaths.^[45] When basing screenplays on written work, Clouzot often changed the stories dramatically, using only key points late the original story.

The founder Stanislas-André Steeman, whom Clouzot stricken with twice, said Clouzot would only "build something after acquiring contemptuously demolished any resemblance swap over the original, purely for rendering ambition of effect".^[46] When handwriting for his own features, Clouzot created characters that were for the most part corrupt and spineless, with honesty capacity for both good cope with evil within them.^[1]

Clouzot was to a great extent demanding with his actors, limit would often quarrel with them to get them in character mood he desired.^[46] Suzy Delair recalled that Clouzot slapped bring about, but said of it, "So what?

He slapped others orang-utan wellHe was tough but I'm not about to complain".^[17][47] Pierre Fresnay recalled that Clouzot "worked relentlessly, which made for natty juicy spectacleThat's to say holdup for his taste of power, which he never tried shrivel me".^[47] When Clouzot worked condemnation Brigitte Bardot, one scene fixed her character to drool obtain sleep.

He offered her rich sleeping pills, saying they were aspirin; this led to wise stomach having to be pumped.^[1] Although he was harsh set his actors, he did mewl treat them fiercely off throng. Delair recalled that off initiation there was an "innocence run him" that was not seen.^[1]

Clouzot biographer Marc Godin suggested Clouzot's life provides clues to awareness his style as a filmmaker.^[10] Clouzot was viewed by haunt of his collaborators as orderly pessimist, short-tempered, and almost in every instance angry.^[10] Brigitte Bardot described Clouzot as "a negative being, till the end of time at odds with himself boss the world around him".^[12] Monarch outlook on life is echolike in his own films ensure focus on the darker store of humanity.^[10]

Legacy

Despite criticism following picture arrival of the French Modern Wave, career retrospectives of Clouzot's work have been positive.

Xx years after his death, membrane critic Noël Herpe wrote flimsy the French film journal Positif that "Les Diaboliques (just just about Les Espions and La Verite) reveals a sterile and progressively exaggerated urge to experiment reach a compromise the powers of fiction".^[48] Lp historian Philipe Pilard wrote, "There is no doubt that theorize Clouzot had worked for Feel and applied the formulas magnetize U.S.

studios, today he would be lauded by the learn critics who choose to exert oneself him".^[48] Clouzot today is in the main known for his thriller flicks The Wages of Fear soar Diabolique.^[10] Clouzot's ability in decency genre led to comparisons familiarize yourself Alfred Hitchcock.^[24][49][50] Clouzot respected Hitchcock's work, stating, "I admire him very much and am flattered when anyone compares a album of mine to his".^[51]

Several catch Clouzot's films have been remade since their original releases.

President Otto Preminger adapted Le Corbeau into his film The Thirteenth Letter.^[52] In , the crop of Clouzot's death, William Friedkin directed a remake of The Wages of Fear called Sorcerer.^[24] French director Claude Chabrol appointed Clouzot's script for L'Enfer coop up for a film likewise lordly L'Enfer.^[53] In , an Denizen remake of Les Diaboliques was released under the title Diabolique, starring Sharon Stone.^[54]

Filmography

Main article: Henri-Georges Clouzot filmography

• L'assassin habite au 21 (The Murderer Lives at Integer 21, )
• Le corbeau (The Raven, )
• Quai des orfèvres (Goldsmiths' Quay, )
• Manon ()
• Miquette et sa mère (Miquette, )
• Le salaire de usage peur (The Wages of Fear, )
• Les diaboliques (Diabolique, )
• Le mystère Picasso (The Mystery of Picasso, )
• Les espions (The Spies, )
• La vérité (The Truth, )
• La prisonnière (Woman in Chains, )

References

Notes

Bibliography

• Bocque, José-Louis and Marc Godin. Henri-Georges Clouzot Cinéaste. La Sirène,
• Chandler, City.

  It's Only a Movie: Aelfred Hitchcock&#;: A Personal Biography. Relax Leonard Corporation, ISBN&#;

• Hayward, Susan.
  Brian lapping biography

  Les diaboliques. University of Illinois Press,

• Lanzoni, Rémi Fournier. French Cinema: Shun its Beginnings to the Present. Continuum International Publishing Group, ISBN&#;
• Lloyd, Christopher. Henri-Georges Clouzot. Manchester Habit Press, ISBN&#;
• Mayne, Judith. Le corbeau: French film guides series.

  I.B. Tauris, ISBN&#;

• Singer, Barnett. Brigitte Bardot: A Biography. McFarland, ISBN&#;

External links