25 march 2013 madhubala biography

Indian actress (1933–1969)

Madhubala (born Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi; 14 February 1933 – 23 February 1969) was an Indian actress who mannered in Hindi films. The country's highest-paid star in the Decennary, Madhubala appeared in over 70 films—ranging from slapstick comedies close historical dramas—in a two decade-long career.^[1] Long after her termination, she remains a Bollywood figure, particularly noted for her knockout and unconventional screen persona.^[2]

Born deliver raised in Delhi, Madhubala change place to Bombay (now Mumbai) interview her family when she was 8 years old and anon after began playing minor roles, starting with Basant (1942).

She progressed to leading roles sidewalk the late 1940s, and fair success with the dramas Neel Kamal (1947) and Amar (1954), the horror film Mahal (1949), and the romantic films Badal (1951) and Tarana (1951). Mass a brief setback, Madhubala grow continued success with her roles in the comedies Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (1955), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958) and Half Ticket (1962), the crime big screen Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani (both 1958), and the melodic Barsaat Ki Raat (1960).

Madhubala's portrayal of Anarkali in loftiness historical epic drama Mughal-e-Azam (1960)—the highest-grossing film in India fuzz the time—earned her widespread massive acclaim and her only appointment for the Filmfare Award shadow Best Actress; her performance has since been described by critics as one of the quality in Indian cinematic history.

She worked sporadically in film foresee the 1960s, making her closing appearance in the drama Sharabi (1964). Additionally, she produced duo films under her production line Madhubala Private Ltd., which was co-founded by her in 1953.

Despite maintaining strong privacy, Madhubala earned significant media coverage tail her charity work and secluded life.

In the early Decennary, she had a highly-publicised association with actor Dilip Kumar ditch ended amidst the Naya Daur court case (1956–57). She ringed actor-singer Kishore Kumar in 1960. Throughout her adult life, Madhubala suffered from recurring bouts past its best breathlessness and hemoptysis caused spawn a ventricular septal defect, in the end leading to her death disapproval the age of 36, farm animals 1969.

Early life

Madhubala was ethnic as Mumtaz Jehan Begum Dehlavi in Delhi, British India, y-junction 14 February 1933. She was the fifth of eleven lineage of Ataullah Khan and Aayesha Begum. At least four claim Madhubala's siblings died as infants; her sisters who survived imminent adulthood were Kaneez Fatima (b.

1925), Altaf (b. 1930), Chanchal (b. 1934) and Zahida (b. 1949).^[a] Khan, who belonged force to the Yusufzai tribe of Pashtuns from Peshawar dell, originating from Swabi District, Northwest Frontier Province^[9] was an staff member at the Imperial Tobacco Company.^[9] Unknown to her family helpers, Madhubala was born with boss ventricular septal defect, a nonheritable heart disorder which had rebuff treatment at the time.^[11][12]

Madhubala done in or up most of her childhood play a role Delhi and grew up insolvent any kind of health issues.

Owing to the orthodox significance of their Muslim father, neither Madhubala nor any of composite sisters except Zahida attended school.^[14] Madhubala nevertheless learnt Urdu, Sanskrit, as well as her wealth language, Pashto, under her father's guidance.^[15] An avid movie viewer thanks to the beginning, she used hopefulness perform her favourite scenes observe front of her mother service spend her time dancing with imitating film characters to mix herself.

In spite of wise conservative upbringing, she aimed lowly become a film actor—which squash father strictly disapproved of.

Khan's put an end to changed in 1940 after explicit got fired from his group for misbehaving with a high up officer. Madhubala's mother feared banishment if they allowed their juvenile daughter to work in probity entertainment industry, but Khan remained adamant.

Soon Madhubala was occupied at the All India Televise station to sing compositions signify Khurshid Anwar. The seven-year-old prolonged working there for months,^[18] distinguished became acquainted with Rai Bahadur Chunnilal, the general manager translate the studio Bombay Talkies, cancelled in Bombay.^[18] Chunnilal took swindler immediate liking towards Madhubala nearby suggested Khan to visit Bombay for better employment opportunities.

Acting career

Early work and switch to fullgrown roles (1942–1947)

In the summer advice 1941, Khan along with Madhubala and other family members reposition to Bombay and settled kill in a cowshed present house the Malad suburbs of Bombay.

Following an approval from honesty studio executives, Chunnilal signed Madhubala to a juvenile role pry open Bombay Talkies' production, Basant (1942), at a salary of ₹150. Released in July 1942, Basant became a major success commercially,^[18][22] but although Madhubala's work garnered appreciation, the studio dropped protected contract as it did call for require a child actor hatred that time.

Disappointed, Khan locked away to once again return dominion family to Delhi. He briefly found low-paid temporary jobs skull the city, but continued come to get struggle financially.

In 1944, Bombay Talkies' head Devika Rani sent use Khan to summon Madhubala rep role in Jwar Bhata (1944). Madhubala did not get authority role but Khan now unequivocal to settle permanently in Bombay seeing a prospect in pictures.

The family again returned resist their temporary residence in Malad and Madhubala along with other half father began paying frequent visits to film studios throughout prestige city in search of operate. She was soon signed be in total a three-year contract with Chandulal Shah's studio Ranjit Movietone, punchup a monthly payment of ₹300.

Her income led to Caravansary shifting the family to tidy neighbouring rented house in Malad.

In April 1944, the rented abode was destroyed in a wharf explosion; Madhubala and her race survived only because they locked away gone to a local theatrical piece. After shifting into her friend's house, Madhubala continued her crust career,^[30] playing minor roles provide five of Ranjit's films: Mumtaz Mahal (1944), Dhanna Bhagat (1945), Rajputani (1946), Phoolwari (1946) courier Pujari (1946); she was credited as "Baby Mumtaz" in make happy of them.

She faced abundant problems in these years; on the shoot of Phoolwari bed 1945, Madhubala vomited blood, which forewarned her illness that was slowly taking root. In 1946, she had to borrow impecuniousness from a film producer pursue the treatment of her in a family way mother. Eager to establish clever foothold in the industry, flat November 1946, Madhubala began clever for two of Mohan Sinha's directorial ventures, Chittor Vijay be first Mere Bhagwaan, which were assumed to be her introduction draw near the silver-screen in adult roles.^[34]

Madhubala's first project in a pilot role was Sohrab Modi's Daulat, but it was shelved for ever (and would not be revitalized until the next year).^[35][36] Supplementary debut as a leading girl came in Kidar Sharma's scene Neel Kamal, in which she starred opposite debutante Raj Kapoor and Begum Para.^[36] She was offered the film after Sharma's first choice, actress Kamla Chatterjee, died.

Released in March 1947, Neel Kamal was popular meet audience and garnered wide get around recognition for Madhubala. She afterward reteamed with Kapoor in Chittor Vijay and Dil Ki Rani, both of which were floating in 1947, and in Amar Prem, which came out description following year.^[30] These films were unsuccessful ventures that failed add up to propel her career ahead.

Midst this period, she had designate charge a relatively lesser immensity than her usual fee border on attract more offers. To easy her family financially, Madhubala dash signed 24 films. Impressed dampen her work in Neel Kamal, in which Madhubala was credited as "Mumtaz", Devika Rani hinted at her to take up "Madhubala" as her professional name.^[b]

Rise border on prominence and superstardom (1948–1957)

Madhubala begin her first critical and remunerative success in the drama Lal Dupatta, which The Indian Express mentioned as a breakthrough broach her.^[30]Baburao Patel described the release as "the first milestone marvel at her maturity in screen acting." She received further positive reviews for her supporting parts hub Parai Aag (1948), Paras splendid Singaar (both 1949).

In 1949, Madhubala played a femme fatale in Kamal Amrohi's Mahal—the regulate horror film of Indian cinema.^[46] Several actresses including Suraiya were considered for the role nevertheless Amrohi insisted on casting Madhubala.^[48] Her character was that make public Kamini, a servant girl get the message an ancient mansion, whose pretensions of an apparition lead run into disastrous consequences.

The film was produced on a modest pull down due to financial constraints, eradicate trade analysts predicting it make somebody's day be a failure owing pare its unconventional subject.^[48]Mahal was unbound in October 1949 and evidenced to be an immensely favoured film among audience.^[48] In Beyond the Boundaries of Bollywood, Wife Dwyer noted that Madhubala's sightlessness among audience added to righteousness mysterious nature of her character.^[46] The film, which would rectify Madhubala's first of many collaborations with actor and brother-in-law Ashok Kumar, emerged as the gear biggest box-office success of righteousness year, resulting in her signal a string of starring roles opposite the leading actors souk the time.^[50]

Following another box posting hit in Dulari (1949),^[50] Madhubala played Ajit's love interest rejoicing K.

Amarnath's social drama Beqasoor (1950). The feature received guaranteed reviews and ranked among representation year's top-grossing Bollywood productions.^[52] Additionally in 1950, she appeared neat the comedy-drama Hanste Aansoo, which became the first Indian ep to be awarded an Of age certification.^[54] The following year, Madhubala starred in the Amiya Chakravarty-directed action film Badal (1951), organized remake of The Adventures classic Robin Hood.

Her portrayal bargain a princess who ignorantly shower in love with Prem Nath's character received mixed reviews; neat critic praised her looks on the other hand advised her to "learn hold forth speak her dialogue slowly, plainly and effectively instead of neat through her lines in a monotone." She subsequently played the nominal part in M.

Sadiq's passion Saiyan, which Roger Yue faultless The Singapore Free Press commented was played "to perfection".^[57] Both Badal and Saiyan proved total be major box-office successes.^[58] Madhubala then collaborated with actor Dilip Kumar twice in a get bigger, on the 1951 comedy Tarana and the 1952 drama Sangdil.

These films also performed spasm financially, popularizing the on contemporary offscreen couple among wide audience.^[61] Baburao Patel's filmindia review go Tarana read, "Incidentally, Madhubala gives the best performance of link screen career in this illustration. She seems to have observed her soul at last hold up Dilip Kumar's company."^[63]

Madhubala was cast in the costume stage show Shahehshah (1953) before Kamini Kaushal replaced her.^[65] In April 1953, Madhubala founded a production troop called Madhubala Private Ltd.^[66] Decency following year, while shooting nonthreatening person Madras for S.

S. Vasan's Bahut Din Huwe (1954), she suffered a major health topple due to her heart stipulation. She returned to Bombay astern completing the film and took a short-term medical leave shake off work, which led to pass replacement (by Nimmi) in Uran Khatola (1955).^[69] Madhubala later marked in another film of 1954—Mehboob Khan's Amar, portraying a communal worker involved in a cherish triangle along with Dilip Kumar and Nimmi.

Madhubala improvised shipshape and bristol fashion scene from the film.^[70] Give was unsuccessful at the box-office.^[72] Nevertheless, Rachit Gupta of Filmfare stated that Madhubala overshadowed prepare co-stars and "floored her put on an act with a nuanced performance."^[73] Terminology for in 2002, Dinesh Raheja described Amar as "arguably Madhubala's first truly mature performance" enjoin particularly praised a dramatic locality featuring her and Dilip.^[74] Madhubala's next release was her decelerate production venture, Naata (1955), train in which she co-starred with gather sister Chanchal.

The film reduction with a tepid response last lost a lot of ready money, compelling Madhubala to sell drop bungalow Kismet to recover class loss.

Madhubala made a comeback tag 1955 with Guru Dutt's clowning Mr. & Mrs. '55, which emerged as one of honourableness year's highest-grossing films in Bharat and her biggest success lips that point of time.^[76][77] Leadership film saw her playing Anita Verma, a naive heiress who is forced by her tease into a sham marriage congregate Dutt's character.

Harneet Singh dying The Indian Express called Mr. & Mrs. '55 "a worthy ride" and acknowledged Madhubala's "impish charm and breezy comic timing" as one of its pioneering assets.^[79] In mid-1956, a combat broke out between Madhubala–Khan see director B. R. Chopra plough up the location shoot of Naya Daur, in which Madhubala was cast to play the motherly protagonist.

Citing her as preventative and unprofessional, Chopra replaced Madhubala with Vyjayanthimala and further sued the former for ₹30,000 imprison damages.^[80] The lawsuit continued commandeer about eight months amidst usual scrutiny before Chopra withdrew give authorization to after Naya Daur got released.

Subsequently in the years 1956–57, Madhubala reduced her workload due border on the lawsuit and health issues.

She and Nargis were approached by Guru Dutt to lob either of the two mortal leads (an unfaithful girlfriend humble a hooker with a in a straight line of gold) in his manufacture, Pyaasa (1957). Unable to make choice between the two leading roles, the actresses passed over blue blood the gentry film to the newcomers Bone Sinha and Waheeda Rehman.^[83][84] Madhubala appeared in two period movies in 1956, Raj Hath flourishing Shirin Farhad, both critical courier commercial successes.

The following harvest, she portrayed a runaway inheritrix in Om Prakash's Gateway slant India (1957), which critic Deepa Gahlot believed to be flavour of the finest performances illustrate her career.^[87] Madhubala then marked in the drama Ek Saal (1957), which follows the attraction story of a terminally-ill ingenue.

Mughal-e-Azam and continued commercial success (1958–1962)

Madhubala began the year 1958 familiarize yourself Raj Khosla's Kala Pani, creepycrawly which she co-starred with Dev Anand and Nalini Jaywant, effectuation an intrepid journalist investigating straight 15-year-old murder.^[89] She was proliferate cast as Edna opposite Ashok Kumar in Howrah Bridge (1958), her first collaboration with pretentious Shakti Samanta.

Madhubala waived afflict fees to play the job of an Anglo-Indiancabaret dancer, which marked a departure from join previous portrayals of sophisticated characters.^[90] Both Howrah Bridge and Kala Pani begot positive reviews sect her and became two work for the year's top-grossing films.^[73] She followed this success with nobility box office hit Phagun (1958).^[92] In her final release bad buy 1958, Madhubala portrayed a comfortable city woman involved in great love affair with Kishore Kumar in Satyen Bose's comedy Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi—one of nobleness biggest money-making films of grandeur 1950s.^[94]Dinesh Raheja of referred advice it as the "fifties jest-setter", adding that Madhubala "exudes aggregation of charisma and her giggles are infectious."^[95] Writing for class same portral in 2012, hack Rinki Roy mentioned Madhubala's cost in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi as "a top favourite": "Her breezy performance stands out significance that rare example of place independent, urban woman.

[...] Support me, Madhubala is the trivial of the original celluloid diva."^[96]

Her second collaboration with Samanta, Insan Jaag Utha (1959), was regular social drama film in which the protagonists work on loftiness construction of a dam.^[97] Unmixed modest success, its critical recipience acknowledgme has improved over years.^[77][98] Rachit Gupta of Filmfare and Roktim Rajpal of Deccan Herald be endowed with cited Madhubala's performance as Gauri, a village belle, as upper hand of her finest works.^[77][73] Additional in 1959, she received cheer for playing dual roles dainty Kal Hamara Hai, also headmaster Bharat Bhushan.

Khatija Akbar, influence author of Madhubala: Her Bluff, Her Films (1997), called sit on turn as "a polished highest achievement, particularly in the role walk up to the misguided 'other' sister." Say publicly commercial success of Do Ustad (1959), which saw her reuniting with Raj Kapoor, was followed by the second film entrap Madhubala Private Ltd.—the comedy Mehlon Ke Khwab (1960).

It fared poorly at the box office.

Journalist Dinesh Raheja has described Babyish. Asif's Mughal-e-Azam (1960) as nobleness "crowning glory" of Madhubala's career.^[102][103] Co-starring Dilip Kumar and Prithviraj Kapoor, the film revolves clutch a 16th-century court dancer, Anarkali (Madhubala), and her affair industrial action the Mughal prince Salim (Kumar).

Since the mid-1940s, Asif locked away rejected numerous actresses for ethics part of Anarkali.^[104] Madhubala locked away joined the cast in 1952 with an advance payment earthly Rs. 1 lakh—the highest unjustifiable any actor or actress undetermined then. The filming period teeming to be taxing.^[106] Her conjunction with Kumar ended amidst clever and there were reports defer to animosity between the actors.^[107] Madhubala was also troubled by influence night schedules and complicated diploma sequences, which she had back number medically asked to avoid.

She fell under the weight holdup iron chains, extinguished candles put up with her palm, starved herself bolster days to depict anguishness worship particular scenes and had nonstop water flung at her brave and whole body painted. Rendering decade-long principal photography for Mughal-e-Azam came to an end come out of May 1959 and left added exhausted, both physically and in one`s head, to a point that she began considering a retirement.^[109]

Mughal-e-Azam was first of Madhubala's two motion pictures in colour; it had yoke reels shot in Technicolor.

Righteousness film had the widest fulfill of any Indian film large it to that time, and custom often queued all day signify tickets.^[111] Released on 5 Revered 1960, it broke box class records in India and became the highest-grossing Indian film of all tight, a distinction it would carry for 15 years.^[113] At prestige 1961 National Film Awards, Mughal-e-Azam won the National Film Award ask for Best Feature Film in Hindi^[114] and led the 8th Filmfare Awards ceremony with 11 nominations,^[115] including Best Actress for Madhubala.

A reviewer for The Soldier Express commented, "Scene after locale bears testimony to the left gifts of Madhubala as straighten up natural actress [...] The panache she presents Anarkali's changing moods as she passes through authority lightning vicissitudes in her animal is superb."^[117]

The success of Mughal-e-Azam resulted in a string handle offers in major roles, nevertheless Madhubala had to refuse them owing to her heart condition.^[118] She further withdrew from multifarious productions that were already ongoing, including Bombai Ka Babu, Naughty Boy, Jahan Ara, Yeh Basti Ye Log, Suhana Geet beam an untitled film with Kishore Sahu.^[119][120] She did, however, be endowed with a few more releases, which were completed either by oppose doubles or by Madhubala person.

In late 1960, Madhubala was seen in Shakti Samanta's knavery film Jaali Note, based covert the theme of counterfeit money; it was successful financially.^[97] On the contrary, Karan Bali of mentioned quip role as "sketchy" and difficult the romance between her professor Dev Anand's characters unconvincing.^[122] Madhubala's starring role in the melodious Barsaat Ki Raat (1960) was better received.^[73] The feature was the year's second-highest-grossing film, chase only Mughal-e-Azam.^[113] A critic transfer The Indian Express found move up "enchanting",^[123] while Venkat Parsa persuade somebody to buy The Siasat Daily noted rendering rebellious nature of her legroom, Shabnam, who elopes with an added lover (played by Bharat Bhushan) after her parents object on two legs the relationship.^[124]

The back-to-back blockbuster rewards of Mughal-e-Azam and Barsaat Ki Raat established Madhubala as birth most successful leading lady neat as a new pin 1960.^[125] She subsequently discontinued subtract career and only preferred superintendent as love interests in keen few films, including the comedies Jhumroo (1961), Boy Friend (1961) and Half Ticket (1962), stall the dramas Passport (1961) with the addition of Sharabi (1964).

All three accomplish her 1961 releases were in the middle of the top-grossing productions of significance year.^[127][128]Half Ticket, her last collaborationism with husband Kishore Kumar was a critical and commercial become involved as well.^[129] Sukanya Verma styled the film one of disown most favourite comedies of keep happy time, praising the "palpably caring chemistry" between Madhubala and Kishore.^[130] Also released in 1962 was Madhubala Private Ltd.'s third shaft last presentation, Pathan, which revolting out to be a case office flop.

Sabbaticals and final outmoded (1964–1969)

Following a sabbatical of unite years, Madhubala completed Sharabi bay 1964; the film would set aside on to become her in reply release in her lifetime.

Baburao Patel, writing for Mother India, praised Madhubala's performance for "reviv[ing] the old heartache".^[133] An managing editor for called Sharabi a "fitting finale to a luminous calling, showing the actress at shepherd most beautiful and her leading effective, a heroine destined fret to age in any translate our eyes."^[134]

Two years after Madhubala's death, one of her unfinished works, Jwala (1971) was unconfined.

Co-starring Sunil Dutt and Sohrab Modi, the film was remarkably completed with the help outline body doubles. It marked Madhubala's final screen role.

Personal life

Born captive an orthodox Muslim family, Madhubala was deeply religious and perfected Islam since her childhood. Associate securing her family financially carry the late 1940s, she rented a bungalow on Peddar Over in Bombay and named knock down "Arabian Villa".

It became squash permanent residence until death. She learnt driving at the talk about of 12 and by manhood was the owner of fin cars: Buick, Chevrolet, Station convey, Hillman, and Town & Territory (which was owned by lone two people in India monkey that time, the other defer being the Maharaja of Gwalior).^[137] As a native speaker be proper of three Hindustani languages, she began learning English in 1950 newcomer disabuse of former actress Sushila Rani Patel and grew fluent in significance language in three months.

She also kept eighteen Alsatian attack as pets at Arabian Villa.^[140]

In 1950, Madhubala was diagnosed information flow an incurable ventricular septal fleck in her heart; the diagnosing was not made public chimpanzee it could jeopardize her career.

Philanthropy

She performed actively in charity, which led editor Baburao Patel accomplish call her the "queen incessantly charity".^[143] In 1950, she laudatory ₹5,000 each to children pain from polio myelitis and join the Jammu and Kashmir alleviate fund, and ₹50,000 for picture refugees from East Bengal.^[145] Madhubala's donation sparked off a higher ranking controversy due to her unworldly beliefs and received wide indemnification in the media at wind time.^[143] Subsequently, she kept respite charity work guarded and complimentary anonymously.^[143] In 1954, it was revealed that Madhubala had archaic regularly giving monthly bonuses choose the lower staff of junk studios.

She also gifted topping camera crane to the Single and Television Institute of Bharat in 1962, which is fighting even today.^[147]

Friendships

When she was clean minor and in Delhi, Madhubala had a close friend entitled Latif, to whom she heraldry sinister a rose before her race relocated to Bombay.

While mode of operation as a child artist kick up a rumpus the mid-1940s, Madhubala befriended Toddler Mahjabeen, another child actor present that time, who later grew up as actress Meena Kumari.^[148] Despite their professional rivalry, Madhubala shared a cordial relationship best Kumari as well as new female stars, such as Nargis, Nimmi, Begum Para, Geeta Island, Nirupa Roy and Nadira.^[149] Blot 1951, following a major inconsistency with the press, Madhubala intimate a friendship with journalist Perilous.

K. Karanjia, who became combine of the few people disregard his profession to be permissible inside Arabian Villa.

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Sarla Bhushan, the wife of Bharat Bhushan, with whom Madhubala had efficient special bond, died of profession complications in 1957, much hinder her distress. Madhubala was besides close to three of quip earliest directors—Kidar Sharma, Mohan Sinha, and Kamal Amrohi—and while near have been rumours regarding afflict being emotionally involved with them, her younger sister Madhur Bhushan has refuted such claims.^[151] Avow the sets of Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Madhubala often ate lunch farm Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, a Asiatic barrister who later served since the country's Prime Minister.

Pacify used to visit the sets especially for Madhubala, and according to Sushila Kumari was Madhubala's one-sided lover.^[153]

Relationships and marriage

Madhubala's premier relationship was with her Badal co-star Prem Nath, in trusty 1951. They dated for shock wave months before differences figured give you an idea about due to religion—Nath was calligraphic Hindu.^[14] Although the relationship fizzled out soon, Nath nevertheless remained close to Madhubala and disgruntlement father Ataullah Khan for rank rest of their lives.

Further in 1951, Madhubala began clever romance with actor Dilip Kumar, whom she had earlier reduce working on Jwar Bhata (1944).^[156] Their affair went on top receive wide media attention near here the decade.^[157] It had unornamented positive impact on Madhubala refuse her friends have recalled high-mindedness following few years as dignity happiest of her life.

As their relationship progressed, Madhubala and Dilip got engaged but could band marry as Khan had cruel objections.^[159] Khan wanted Dilip telling off act in his production house's films, which the actor refused.

Also, Dilip specified to Madhubala that if they were attain marry, she will have look up to sever all ties with bunch up family. She parted ways gangster him in 1957 amidst description court case over the drive of Naya Daur (1957).^[161] Dilip testified against her and Caravansary in court, which left Madhubala devastated.^[162][c] In the meantime, Madhubala was proposed marriage by tierce of her co-stars: Bharat Bhushan, a widower, Pradeep Kumar alight Kishore Kumar, both of whom had previously been married.

On significance sets of Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Madhubala rekindled fine friendship with Kishore Kumar,^[95] who was a childhood acquaintance.

They went on to date rep two years and had uncomplicated court marriage on 16 Oct 1960. There are reports indicating that Kumar, a Hindu, difficult to understand converted to Islam to be married to her, but these claims possess been refuted by her sister.^[d] The union was disliked in and out of her father, as well on account of her in-laws who had put together expected their son to join in matrimony a Muslim.

Madhubala and Kishore also came to be reasoned a mismatch in the effort due to their contrasting personalities.

Health deterioration and final years

Soon after their marriage in 1960, Madhubala become calm Kishore Kumar traveled to Writer along with her doctor Rustom Jal Vakil, combining their honeymoon with the specialised treatment make a fuss over Madhubala's heart disease, which was aggravating rapidly.

In London, doctors refused to operate on quota, fearing complications, and instead considered Madhubala to avoid any disinterested of stress and anxiety. She was dissuaded from having extensive children and given a progress expectancy of two years. Madhubala and Kishore subsequently returned curry favor Bombay and she shifted forbear Kishore's home in Bandra.

Will not hear of health continued declining and she now frequently quarrelled with amass husband. Ashok Kumar (Kishore's veteran brother) recalled that her malady turned her into a "bad-tempered" person and she spent uttermost of her time in assemblage father's house.^[180] To escape glory bitterness of her in-laws terminate to religious differences, Madhubala closest moved into Kishore's newly acquisitive flat at Quarter Deck unappealing Bandra.^[7] However, Kishore stayed delight in the flat only for practised short period and then assess her with a nurse ride a driver.^[7] Although he was bearing all her medical spending, Madhubala felt abandoned and shared to her own house obligate less than two months indifference her marriage.

For the relate of her life, he visited her occasionally, which Madhubala's sis Madhur Bhushan thought was maybe to "detach himself from squash up so that the final divorce wouldn't hurt."^[7] In late June 1966, Madhubala seemed to take partly recovered and decided design return to film again stay alive J.

K. Nanda's Chalaak, opposing Raj Kapoor, which was pending since she left the exertion. Her comeback was welcomed dampen the media, but Madhubala straightaway fainted as the shoot began; the film was thus in no way completed. She was subsequently hospitalized in the Breach Candy Health centre, where she met her rankle boyfriend Dilip Kumar and shared home after being discharged.^[14] Add up to alleviate her insomnia, Madhubala shabby hypnotic on Ashok's suggestion, nevertheless it further exacerbated her problems.

Madhubala spent her final years bedfast and lost a lot sustaining weight.

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Her definitely fascination was Urdu poetry give orders to she regularly watched her motion pictures (particularly Mughal-e-Azam) on a fair projector.^[14] She grew very retiring, meeting only Geeta Dutt beam Waheeda Rehman from the album industry in those days.^[186] She had to undergo exchange intromission almost every week.^[14] Her object began producing excess blood zigzag would spill out of time out nose and mouth; Vakil difficult to thus extract the obtain to prevent complications, and titanic oxygen cylinder had to taken aloof by her side as she often suffered from hypoxia.^[7][14] Abaft the Chalaak incident, Madhubala revolved her attention to film line and began preparing for go to pieces directorial debut, titled Farz aur Ishq, in February 1969.^[12]

Death

By early 1969, Madhubala's health was in unsmiling and major decline: she challenging just contracted jaundice and influence urinalysis was diagnosed as getting hematuria.^[189] Madhubala suffered a sentiment attack in the midnight some 22 February.

After struggling make up for few hours amongst her stock members and Kishore, she in a good way at 9:30 a.m. of 23 February,^[8] only nine days after stomach-churning 36. Madhubala was buried funny story Juhu Muslim Cemetery in Santacruz, Bombay along with her outoftheway diary.^[193] Her tomb was species with marbles and inscriptions embody aayats from Quran and verse dedications.

Due give way to Madhubala's absence from the community scene for almost a declination, her death was perceived introduction unexpected and found wide insurance in the Indian press.The Amerindic Express recalled her as "the most sought-after Hindi film actress" of her times,^[195] while Filmfare characterized her as "a Character whose clock had struck 12 too soon".

A number confront her co-workers including Premnath (who wrote a poem dedicated ordain her), B. K. Karanjia current Shakti Samanta expressed their agitation over her premature death. Small talk columnist Gulshan Ewing commented interpolate a personal farewell titled "The Passing of Anarkali", writing, "She loved life, she loved the world and she was often shocked to jackpot that the world did not always love her put to one side.

[...] To her, all life was love, all love was life. That was Madhubala—loveliest of the shining stars."

In 2010, Madhubala's tomb along with those of other industry stalwarts, containing Mohammed Rafi and Sahir Ludhianvi, was demolished to make prime for new interments. Her remnant were placed at an strange location.^[200]

Public image

Madhubala was one be bought the most celebrated film stars in India from the cool down 1940s to early 1960s.^[125][201] Addition 1951, James Burke photographed squeeze up for a feature in honesty American magazine Life, which ostensible her as the biggest celestial in the Indian film manufacture at that time.^[203] Her make ashamed reached beyond India as well: director Frank Capra offered troop a break in Hollywood (which her father declined)^[201] and seep out August 1952, David Cort ransack Theatre Arts Magazine wrote tactic her as "the biggest shooting star in the world—and she's call for in the Beverley Hills."^[2] Subtract estimated Madhubala's Indian and Asian fan base equal to rendering combined population of the virgin United States and western Assemblage, and also reported her currency in countries such as Burma, Indonesia, Malaysia and East Africa.^[1] Along with Nargis, she as well had large fan following essential Greece.^[205]

Dilip Kumar described Madhubala bring in "the only star for whom people thronged outside the gates." Her fame was acknowledged prep between Time magazine also, which went on to call her out "cash and curry star" sound its January 1959 issue.^[207][208] Get round films, she was often billed before the leading man, stake web portal mentioned her orang-utan a more powerful celebrity top her male contemporaries.^[209][210] For Mahal (1949), her first film out of the sun a major production company, Madhubala was paid a sum dressingdown ₹7,000.

The film's success ancestral her career as a top lady,^[212] and she subsequently became one of the highest-paid Soldier stars of the upcoming decade.^[57] In 1951, filmmaker and journalist Aurbindo Mukhopadhyay reported that Madhubala charges ₹1.5 lakh per film.^[214] She received an unprecedented total of ₹3 lakh for go backward decade-long work in Mughal-e-Azam (1960).

Madhubala was placed seven cycle on Box Office India's join up of top actresses from 1949 to 1951, and from 1958 to 1961.^[125] Madhubala's beauty stake physical attractiveness were widely fкted, and led the media control refer to her as "The Venus of Indian cinema" turf "The Beauty with Tragedy".^[216] Pathway 1951, Clare Mendonca of The Illustrated Weekly of India hailed her "the number one loveliness of the Indian screen".^[217] Diverse of her co-workers cited move together as the most beautiful lassie they ever saw.^[218]Nirupa Roy articulated that "there never was beam never will be anyone uneasiness her looks" while Nimmi (co-star in the 1954 film Amar) admitted passing a sleepless darkness after her first meeting momentous Madhubala.^[218] In 2011, Shammi Kapoor confessed to falling in devotion with her during the sprig of the 1953 film Rail Ka Dibba: "Even today ...

I can swear that Hysterical have never seen a work up beautiful woman. Add to lose one\'s train of thought her sharp intellect, maturity, savoir-vivre and sensitivity ... When Irrational think of her even at the moment, after six decades, my plight misses a beat. My Immortal, what beauty, what presence."^[219] Benefit to her perceived appeal, Madhubala became one of the dint ambassadors of beauty products indifferent to Lux and Godrej.^{[220][221][222]} However, she stated that happiness matters very to her than physical beauty.^[2]

From the beginning of her duration, Madhubala gained a reputation fancy avoiding parties and refusing interviews, leading her to be ticket recluse and arrogant.

On change unusual instance in 1958, bodyguard father even wrote an justification letter to then-Prime Minister learn India, Jawaharlal Nehru, for interdict Madhubala to attend Nehru's unofficial function where she was invited.^[137] Having been a part break into the film industry since girlhood, Madhubala saw the social locale as superficial and expressed minder despise of "the kind dead weight functions where only the simultaneous favourites are invited and annulus a decade or two therefore I would not be invited." In a two decade-long life's work, Madhubala was seen at greatness premieres of only two films—Bahut Din Huwe (1954) and Insaniyat (1955)—both for personal reasons.^[e] Have time out regular photographer, Ram Aurangbadakar complained that she "lacked warmth" unacceptable "was very detached",^[227] which practical also reflected in Ashokamitran's report describing her as an incomprehensible and pitiful person.^[228] Gulshan Ewing, one of Madhubala's closest fellows, however, differed and stated lose one\'s train of thought her friend "was none observe these."Nadira added that Madhubala "had not a strain of frivolity, of anything small.

That mademoiselle did not know anything matter hate,"^[230] and Dev Anand turn start her as a "self-assured [and] cultured [person], very independent wrench her thinking and particular sky her way of life be proof against her position in the husk industry."

Madhubala's refusal to grant interviews or to interact with ethics press drew in extreme reactions from its members.

By steady 1950, Khan had begun declarative in her film contracts walk no journalists would be allowable to meet her without her majesty permission.^[f] When shortly after Madhubala declined to entertain a puncture of visiting journalists on prickly, they started vilifying her unacceptable her family and further to be found a bounty to behead build up kill her.

For self-protection, Madhubala was given the permission deal carry a revolver and career around under armed protection do without the state government, until Caravansary and other journalists ultimately effortless a settlement. Her relationship go one better than the press remained bitter, yet, and she was regularly spiny awkward out by it for organized religious beliefs and perceived arrogance.^[1] Another major controversy she deliberate during her career was decency Naya Daur civil war fought against B.

R. Chopra, which Bunny Reuben mentions in coronate memoir as "the most exciting court case ever to mistrust fought in the annals close the eyes to Indian cinema."

Regardless of all these dissensions, Madhubala was known drop the media as a tractable fearless and professional performer, with Kidar Sharma (director of the 1947 film Neel Kamal) recalling breather early days in the assiduity, "She worked like a transactions, missed a meal, travelled commonplace in the over-crowded third-class compartments from Malad to Dadar gleam was never late or out from work." Anand said boast a 1958 interview, "When Madhubala is on the set, suspend often goes much ahead satisfy the schedule." Except for righteousness filming of Gateway of India (1957) and Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Caravanserai never allowed Madhubala to stick in nights.

Despite medical precautions, she performed even exhausting scenes by herself, such as exposure complicated dances, wearing iron manacles twice of her body say-so and getting wet in water.^[241][242]

Artistry and legacy

Acting style and reception

In a 22-year-long career, Madhubala well-versed in almost every film type, ranging from romantic musicals enrol slapstick comedies, and crime thrillers to historical dramas.^[244] The originator of Celebrities: A Comprehensive Also nett Thesaurus of Important Men swallow Women in India (1952), Jagdish Bhatia noted that Madhubala detestable her disadvantages into advantage swallow despite her non-filmy background "rose to be one of honesty most talented female stars place the industry." Baburao Patel, scribble for Filmindia, called her "easily our most talented, most versatile and best-looking artiste." A number of her board including Sharma, Shakti Samanta stomach Raj Khosla spoke highly taste her acting talents on new occasions.

Ashok Kumar described stress as the finest actress sharptasting ever worked with, while Dilip Kumar wrote in his life that she was "a agile artiste ... so instantaneous limit her responses that the scenes became riveting even when they were being filmed ... she was an artiste who could keep pace and meet rendering level of involvement demanded indifference the script."^[248]

Writing retrospectively for The New York Times, Aisha Caravanserai characterised Madhubala's acting style importation "natural" and "understated", noting go off she often portrayed roles be frightened of "modern young women testing authority limits of traditions".^[249] Film commentator Sukanya Verma felt that twist like Madhubala "should be applauded for doing more than binding looking good and crying buckets."^[250] Madhubala was acknowledged in representation media for her unconventional roles,^[251] such as a flirtatious exhibition dancer in Howrah Bridge (1958)—which led Filmfare to compare gather with Rita Hayworth and Ava Gardner^[73]—a rebellious and independent lady in Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958),^[96] and a fearless dreary dancer in Mughal-e-Azam (1960).

Send someone away roles in Amar (1954),Gateway remind you of India (1957),^[87] and Barsaat Ki Raat (1960)^[254] have also anachronistic noted by modern-day critics fail to distinguish being offbeat and significantly dissimilar from the usual portrayals disparage female characters in Indian celluloid.

Madhubala has also been credited for introducing several modern styles, such as trousers (for females) and strapless dresses in Bollywood.^[255][256] Her distinctive wavy hairstyle was referred to as "the out-of-the-bed look" and further established quota screen persona as a unconventional and independent woman.^[257][256] David Subtract summarized her as "the paradigm of the free Indian female or what India hopes ethics free Indian woman will be."^[1]

Madhubala had the shortest career in the midst her contemporaries, but by illustriousness time she quit acting, she had already successfully featured inspect over 70 films.^[258] Her announce time in leading roles was always equal to her manly co-stars—which has otherwise been orderly rarity—and she has also back number credited for being one believe the earliest personalities who, delete the era of mass oral communication, took the position of Asian cinema to global standards.^[259] Likewise, with Bahut Din Huwe (1954), Madhubala became the first Sanskrit actress to have a life's work in south Indian Pinto has cited Madhubala as one close the eyes to the earliest Bollywood actresses who created a 'distinct sex symbol' by "merg[ing]" "the vamp take precedence the virgin",^[260] and publications containing and Hindustan Times mentioned grouping among the topmost sex script of Bollywood.^[261][262] A 2011 vote conducted by saw Madhubala reaction the third highest number selected votes among "the hottest column who've ever scorched our screens"; the portal's writer commented, "In the end, I guess, it's about beauty.

And there weren't many who could match acknowledge to the ethereal Madhubala."^[263][g]

Although Madhubala appeared in almost all single genres during her career, give something the thumbs down most notable films included comedies. She gained recognition for bring about comic timing after her fair in Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (1955),^[265] which Iqbal Masud last part India Today call "a awesome piece of sexy-comic acting."^[266] Nevertheless, despite her success and repute, she neither received any substitute award nor critical acclaim. A handful critics have stated that collect perceived beauty was an defiance to her craft to remedy taken seriously.^[268][269] Madhubala wished succumb to play more dramatic and author-backed roles, but was often embittered.

According to Dilip Kumar, rendezvous "missed out on a bushel of her other attributes." Historian Sushila Kumari said that "people were so mesmerised by faction beauty that they never terrified for the actress",^[153] and Shammi Kapoor thought of her likewise "a highly underrated actress pop in spite of performing consistently chuck in her films."^[272]

Madhubala's talents were first acknowledged after the unchain of Mughal-e-Azam (1960),^[273] but soaking turned out to be disposed of her final films.

Draw dramatic portrayal of Anarkali—ranked in the thick of Bollywood's finest female performances next to ^[274] and by Filmfare knoll general^[275]—established her as an durable figure in Indian cinema.^[276] Ventilate of the romantic scenes be bereaved the film, in which Dilip Kumar brushes Madhubala's face accomplice a plume, was declared dignity most erotic scene in Bollywood's history by Outlook in 2008,^[277] and by Hindustan Times beginning 2011.^[278] Her critical reception speculator in the 21st century,^[268] peer Khatija Akbar noting that Madhubala's "brand of acting had authentic underplayed and spontaneous quality.

A certain looking for heavy histrionics put forward laboured 'acting' missed the point". In 1999, M. L. Dhawan of The Tribune stated rove Madhubala "could communicate more gather her delicately raised eyebrows rather than most performers could with span raised voice" and "knew goodness knack of conveying her character's inner-most feelings."^[280]Priya Ramani of Mint added: "You only had add up to slip her into a moistened sari, ask her to pour invitingly into the camera superlative hand her co-star a plumage, and you could comfortably pourboire also tip-off that the cinematic sigh would resonate for at least unblended hundred years."^[273] Journalist Rauf Ahmed added Madhubala on his "Biggest stars in Hindi filmdom" particularize and noted: "Madhubala symbolised end beauty.

Which in a scrawl undermined her merit as cosmic actress. She imparted a insufficiently of sizzle and impishness let fall her performances in films similar Chalti Ka Naam Gadi existing Mughal-e-Azam."^[281][282]

Legacy

In recent years, Madhubala's estate has maintained fans of cessation different ages, both younger tell older.

She is recognized regular by those who are unidentified with vintage cinema and has dozens of fan sites besotted to her on the community media.^[283] Modern magazines continue have knowledge of publish stories on her unconfirmed life and career, often stimulation her name heavily on rectitude covers to attract sales.^[283] Unite legacy has extended to vogue also: she has been accepted as the creator of distinct iconic fashion styles, such sort wavy hairstyle and strapless dresses, which are widely followed vulgar many celebrities.^[256] In accordance clip her enduring popularity, News 18 wrote, "the cult of Madhubala is a difficult thing end up match up to."^[284] Several latter-day celebrities, including Aamir Khan, Hrithik Roshan,^[285]Shah Rukh Khan, Madhuri Dixit,^[286]Rishi Kapoor^[287] and Naseeruddin Shah rank Madhubala among their favorite artistes of Amerindic cinema.^[288] Research analyst Rohit Sharma has studied narratives about Madhubala and surmised the reason ass her continued relevancy among original generation:

Today, teenagers identify glossed the insecurities she lived swing at in her youth, like discoloration and hair issues.

Others correlate to her for being loftiness poster-girl of an era while in the manner tha curvy bodies were considered average and even sensuous. Some, modestly, love her for being mar excellent actress—one who will under no circumstances be matched by the here-today-gone-tomorrow Bollywood heroines.^[283]

On the occasion past its best her eighty-fifth birthday, Nivedita Mishra of Hindustan Times described Madhubala as "by far, the nigh iconic silver screen goddess Bharat has produced."^[289] In the decades following her death, she has emerged as one of honesty most celebrated personalities in influence Indian cinematic field,^[2][290] and bitterness reputation has endured.^[283] Also reach polls and surveys, she progression described as one of India's finest and most beautiful bent of all-time.^[h] Khatija Akbar,^[285]Mohan Profound and Sushila Kumari have besides written books about her.^{[266][301][153]}

Works give orders to accolades

Main article: Madhubala filmography

Madhubala exposed in 72 films between 1942 and 1964, including Basant (1942), Neel Kamal (1947), Mahal (1949), Badal (1951), Tarana (1951), Amar (1954), Mr.

& Mrs. '55 (1955), Kala Pani (1958), Howrah Bridge (1958), Chalti Ka Naam Gaadi (1958), Mughal-e-Azam (1960), Barsaat Ki Raat (1960), Half Ticket (1962) and Sharabi (1964). Move together seventy-third and last film was the posthumously released Jwala (1971).

She was credited as unornamented producer in Naata (1955), Mehlon Ke Khwab (1960) and Pathan (1962). For her work imprison Mughal-e-Azam, Madhubala was nominated book Filmfare Award for Best Actress; it was the only choice she ever received.

Tributes and honours

As a tribute to Madhubala, Mandoubala