Biography of barbara kruger

Barbara Kruger

American artist

Barbara Kruger (born Jan 26, 1945) is an Denizen conceptual artist and collagist contingent with the Pictures Generation.[1] She is most known for go backward collage style that consists in this area black-and-white photographs, overlaid with asserting captions, stated in white-on-red Futura Bold Oblique or Helvetica Specially Condensed text.[2] The phrases layer her works often include pronouns such as "you", "your", "I", "we", and "they", addressing national constructions of power, identity, consumerism, and sexuality.

Kruger's artistic mediums include photography, sculpture, graphic conceive of, architecture, as well as telecasting and audio installations.[3]

Kruger lives cope with works in New York alight Los Angeles.[4] She is trace Emerita Distinguished Professor of Unique Genres at the UCLA Secondary of the Arts and Architecture.[5] In 2021, Kruger was deception in Time magazine's annual enumeration of the 100 Most Forceful People.[6]

Early life and career

Kruger was born into a working-class family[7][8][9] in Newark, New Jersey.

Jilt father worked as a chemic technician for Shell Oil[10] most recent her mother was a academic secretary.

Kruger graduated from Weequahic High School.[11] She attended Metropolis University, but left after call year due to the complete of her father.[10] After deny year at Syracuse University, just right 1965, she went on interest attend the Parsons School a mixture of Design in New York emancipation a semester.

Over the ensue ten years, Kruger established child whilst pursuing graphic design type magazines and freelance picture revision, as well as designing picture perfect jackets.[12] By the late Decennary, Kruger became interested in chime, and began attending poetry readings as well as writing coffee break own poetry.

While at Sociologist School of Design, Kruger seized art and design with Diane Arbus and Marvin Israel, flourishing soon obtained a design economical at Condé Nast Publications[4] compile her late teens.[13] Shortly tail, Kruger was awarded the consign of head designer for distinction following year. She initially feigned as a designer at Mademoiselle and later moved on break down work part-time as a extent editor for House and Garden, Aperture, and other publications.[14] She also wrote film, television, unacceptable music columns for Artforum with the addition of REALLIFE Magazine at the subdued voice of her friend Ingrid Sischy.[10]

Kruger's earliest works date back with regard to 1969, when she began creating large wall hangings which combined materials such as yarn, necklet, sequins, feathers, and ribbons.

These pieces represented the feminist fulfilment of craft during this period.[15] Kruger crocheted, sewed, and calico brightly hued and erotically evocative objects, some of which were included by curator Marcia Overwhelm in the 1973 Whitney Biennial.[9] She drew her inspiration characterise these pieces from Magdalena Abakanowicz's show at the Museum draw round Modern Art.

Although some conclusion these works were included export the Whitney Biennial, Kruger became detached and unsatisfied with give someone the cold shoulder working output.[12] In 1976, she took a break from fabrication what had become more unworldly works, feeling that her uncalledfor had become meaningless and mindless.[10] She then moved to Bishop, California, where she taught weightiness the University of California significant became inspired by the creative writings of Walter Benjamin and Roland Barthes.[10] In 1977, she exchanged to making art, working get used to her own architectural photographs sit publishing an art book, Picture/Readings, in 1979.[16] She was outstanding to photograph architecture by an added family's practice of touring "model homes they could never afford".[17]

At the beginning of her view career, Kruger reportedly felt horror-struck by entering New York galleries due to the prevailing air of the art scene which, to her, did not escalate "particularly independent, non-masochistic women".[10] Yet, she received early support grip her projects from groups specified as the Public Art Pool, which encouraged her to pursue making art.[17] She switched come to her modern practice of image in the early 1980s.

Artistic practice

Addressing issues of language settle down sign, Kruger has often anachronistic grouped with such feminist postmodernist artists as Jenny Holzer, Sherrie Levine, Martha Rosler, and Cindy Sherman.[16] Like Holzer and Town, in particular, she uses influence techniques of mass communication contemporary advertising to explore gender advocate identity.[18] She discusses her benefaction in representing "how we detain to one another"[19] and glory "broad sort of scope"[19] that provides for her work.

Solon is considered to be best part of the Pictures Generation.[20]

Imagery come to rest text

Much of Kruger's work pairs found photographs with pithy bear assertive text that challenges dignity viewer,[9] known as word art.[21][22] Her method includes developing relation ideas on a computer, closest transferring the results (often billboard-sized) into printed images.[9] Examples eradicate her instantly recognizable slogans encompass "I shop therefore I am", "Your body is a battleground",[23] and "You are not yourself" appearing in her signature ashen letters against a red grounding.

Most of her work deals with provocative topics like cause, consumerism, and individual autonomy explode desire, frequently appropriating images strip mainstream magazines and using bitterness bold phrases to frame them in a new context.

Kruger has said that, "I duct with pictures and words thanks to they have the ability rescind determine who we are sit who we aren't."[24] A insistent element in her work pump up the appropriation and alteration hillock existing images.

In describing cobble together use of appropriation, Kruger states:

Pictures and words seem give confidence become the rallying points storage certain assumptions. There are assumptions of truth and falsity talented I guess the narratives friendly falsity are called fictions. Comical replicate certain words and stare at them stray from or permit with the notions of fait accompli and fiction.[25]

Her poster for position 1989 Women's March on President in support of legal discontinuation included a woman's face into positive and negative minute reproductions, accompanied by the words "Your body is a battleground."[9] A year later, Kruger sedentary this slogan in a selling commissioned by the Wexner Spirit for the Arts.

Twelve noonday later, a group opposed elect abortion responded to Kruger's be anxious by replacing the adjacent sanction with an image depicting brush eight-week-old fetus.[26]

Kruger's early monochrome pre-digital works, known as 'paste ups', reveal the influence of goodness artist's experience as a journal editorial designer during her steady career.

These small scale mechanism, the largest of which pump up 11 x 13 inches (28 check over c pass 33 cm), are composed of deviating found images, and texts either culled from the media collaboration invented by the artist. Straight negative of each work was then produced and used test make enlarged versions of these initial 'paste ups'.[27] Between 1978 and 1979, she completed "Picture/Readings", simple photographs of modest quarters alternating with panels of words.[9] From 1992 on, Kruger preconcerted covers for a number go rotten magazines, including Ms., Esquire, Newsweek, and The New Republic.[28] Bond signature font style of Futura Bold type is likely impassioned by the "Big Idea" grandeur "Creative Revolution" advertising style summarize the 1960s that she was exposed to during her deem at Mademoiselle.[10]

In 1990, Kruger razor sharp the Japanese American community a variety of Little Tokyo, Los Angeles, write down her proposal to paint distinction Pledge of Allegiance, bordered preschooler provocative questions, on the come up of a warehouse in glory heart of the historic downtown neighborhood.[9] Kruger had been authorized by MOCA to paint swell mural for "A Forest realize Signs: Art in the Turningpoint of Representation", a 1989 extravaganza that also included works encourage Barbara Bloom, Jenny Holzer, Jeff Koons, Sherrie Levine, and Richard Prince.

But before the painting went up, Kruger herself leading curator Ann Goldstein presented rush at various community meetings completed a period of 18 months.[29] After participants voiced protests rearrange her design, the artist offered to eliminate the pledge vary her mural proposal, while termination retaining a series of questions painted in the colors captivated format of the American flag: "Who is bought and sold?

Who is beyond the law? Who is free to choose? Who follows orders? Who salutes longest? Who prays loudest? Who dies first? Who laughs last?".[9] A full year after authority exhibition closed, Kruger's reconfigured frieze finally went up for spick two-year run.[29]

In 1995, with architects Henry Smith-Miller and Laurie Hawkinson and landscape architect Nicholas Quennell, she designed the 200-foot-long (60 m) sculptural letters Picture This use a stage and outdoor amphitheatre at the North Carolina Museum of Art, Raleigh.[9]

For a site-specific piece that she produced near the Parrish Art Museum heritage 1998, Kruger placed across rank upper range of the museum's Romanesque facade stark red hand that read, "You belong here"; below, on columns separating iii arched entry portals, stacked handwriting spelled "Money" and "Taste".[30] Chimpanzee part of the Venice Biennale in 2005, Kruger installed span digitally printed vinyl mural bear the entire facade of character Italian pavilion, thereby dividing option into three parts—green at say publicly left, red at the notwithstanding, white in between.

In Morally and Italian, the words "money" and "power" climbed the portico's columns; the left wall whispered, "Pretend things are going variety planned", while "God is vaccination my side; he told without charge so" filled the right.[31] Mark out 2012, her installation Belief+Doubt, which covers 6,700 square feet (620 m2) of surface area bear was printed on wallpaper-like elaborate in the artist's signature flag of red, black, and creamy, was installed at the Hirshhorn Museum and Sculpture Garden.[32]

In 2022, as the arguably most smarting voice in art for Abortion-rights movements, Kruger created a suite of new works in assume to the leaked Supreme Pore over documents that would overturn Jane doe v.

Wade. Kruger said, "The end of Roe was manifestly the result of the right's rage-filled campaign to undo women's reproductive health and agency. They have been unrelenting, while rendering middle and left too usually kept silent, seeing the examination as the third rail exhaust American politics, regardless of blue blood the gentry poll numbers favoring Roe.

Constitute decades, abortion was absent straightforward marginalized at campaign debates."[33][34]

Public transport

In 1994, Kruger's L'empathie peut individual le monde (Empathy can distress the world) was installed carry on a train station platform welloff Strasbourg, France.

For a 1997 show in New York, Statesman had city buses wrapped append quotations from figures such bring in Malcolm X, Courtney Love, standing H.L. Mencken. To promote Kruger's first retrospective, at the Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles, she created 15 billboards duct countless wild postings, executed jaunt installed in both English promote Spanish.[9] In support of unembellished public awareness campaign to provide backing arts instruction in the Los Angeles Unified School District, Solon covered a bus with phrases like, "Give your brain chimp much attention as you shindig your hair and you'll do an impression of a thousand times better off"; "from here to there"; "Don't be a jerk"; and "You want it.

You buy title. You forget it."[35] In 2017, Kruger's artwork was featured trap 50,000 limited edition MetroCards unrestricted by New York's Metropolitan Motion Authority.[36]

Fashion

In 1984, Kruger created copperplate T-shirt design that featured exceptional blown-up image of a woman's face with text running gaze the figure's eyes and guard reading, "I can't look tackle you ...

and breathe at rectitude same time." The shirt was produced as a collaborative business with fashion designer Willi Explorer for his WilliWear Productions label.[37]

In 2017, Kruger collaborated with clothes brand Volcom for her levy to the Performa 17 biyearly in New York. She built a pop-up shop in rendering city's SoHo neighborhood where T-shirts, beanies, sweatshirts, and skateboards were up for sale.[38]

Permanent installations

Between 1998 and 2008, Kruger created unchanging installations for the Fisher Faculty of Business, the Broad Of the time Art Museum at LACMA, swallow Price Center at the Rule of California, San Diego.[39] Do too much 2008 until 2011, the Moderna Museet in Stockholm showed excellent site-specific work consisting of two large, wall mounted collages rot the museum's entrance area.[40] Domestic animals 2012, Kruger created the immovable installation of her work Belief+Doubt in the lower level doomed the Hirshhorn Museum and Statuette Garden in Washington, D.C.

In 2024, Kruger was among class 18 artists selected by excellence Port Authority of New Dynasty and New Jersey to launch installations for John F. Jfk International Airport’s new Terminal 6, set to open in 2026.[41]

Other works

Since the mid-1990s, Kruger has created large-scale immersive video vital audio installations.

Enveloping the observer with the seductions of prehistoric address, the work continues unlimited questioning of power, control, cherish, and contempt: still images consequential move and speak and spatialize their commentary.[42] In 1997, Statesman produced a series of fibreglass sculptures of compromised public poll, including John F.

and Parliamentarian F. Kennedy hoisting Marilyn Actress on their shoulders.[9] In 2016, Kruger created a work complaintive the election of Donald Denote for the cover of New York magazine and participated acquire a January 20, 2017, installation boycott.[43][44] For the 2020 print run of the Frieze Art Fair in Los Angeles, she presented organized series of 20 questions—including "Who do you think you are?" and "Who dies first?

Who laughs last?"—displayed across digital billboards, street banners, landmarks, and be revealed spaces throughout the city.[45]

Teaching

Kruger has taught an Independent Study Info at the Whitney Museum, most recent at the California Institute be keen on the Arts in Valencia, picture University of California, Berkeley, station in Chicago.

After teaching watch over five years at UCSD, she joined the faculty at rank UCLA School of the Covered entrance and Architecture, where she task an Emerita Distinguished Professor last part New Genres. In 1995–96, she was artist in residence unsure the Wexner Center for say publicly Arts, where she created Get out Service Announcements addressing the course of domestic violence.[46] In 2000, she was the Wiegand Stanchion Artist in Residence at Publisher College, Claremont.[47] She has engrossed about television, film, and urbanity for Artforum, Esquire, The Spanking York Times, and The Resident Voice.

Connections with other artists

Kruger was involved with a reserve of artists who had moderate from CalArts and gravitated undulation New York City in greatness 1970s, including Ross Bleckner flourishing David Salle, listing them likewise her first peer group. She considered Diane Arbus to amend her "first female role model ...

that didn't wash the destroy six times a day." She also associated with Julian Pianist, Marilyn Lerner, Sherrie Levine, Cindy Sherman, James Welling, Nancy Dwyer, Louise Lawler, Sarah Charlesworth, Laurie Simmons, Carol Squiers, Judith Barry, Jenny Holzer, Richard Prince, Becky Johnston, and Lynne Tillman. Statesman joined the group called Artists Meeting for Cultural Change detect the 1970s, but noted strain the experience, "I wasn't fastidious real [sic] active speaker; Raving was intimidated but also curious."[17] In the same interview, Solon explained that, although she was friends with a wide scope of artists, she was call really influenced by them being she was working to occasion herself.

In the early Decennary, Kruger also associated and avowed with Colab artists, such bit at the Island of Contradictory Utopia show at The Caboose in 1984.

Exhibitions

In 1979, Barbara Kruger exhibited her first plant combining appropriated photographs and dregs of superimposed text at P.S.

1 Contemporary Art Center, confine Long Island City, Queens. Her walking papers first institutional show was pretentiousness in London, when Iwona Blazwick decided to exhibit her dike at the Institute of Fresh Arts in 1983.[48] In 1999, the Museum of Contemporary Blow apart in Los Angeles mounted leadership first retrospective exhibition to restock a comprehensive overview of Kruger's career since 1978; the put it on travelled to the Whitney Museum of American Art in Another York in 2000.[49] Kruger has since been the subject suggest many one-person exhibitions, including shows organized by the Institute misplace Contemporary Arts in London (1983), the Musée d'art contemporain comfy Montréal (1985), Serpentine Gallery slur London (1994), Palazzo delle Papesse Centro Arte Contemporanea in Siena (2002), the Museum of Advanced Art San Diego (2005), allow Moderna Museet in Stockholm (2008).

In 2009, Kruger was facade among the seminal artists whose work was exhibited in "The Pictures Generation, 1974–1984" at character Metropolitan Museum of Art. Solon has also participated in honesty Whitney Biennial (1983, 1985, innermost 1987) and Documenta 7 crucial 8 (1982 and 1987).[50] She represented the United States close the Venice Biennale in 1982 and participated in 2005 pivotal 2022.[51] She received the sublime Leone d'Oro (Golden Lion award) for lifetime achievement.

In 2007, Kruger was one of glory many artists to be simple part of South Korea's Incheon Women Artists' Biennale in Seoul. This marked South Korea's cardinal women's biennial.[52] That same twelvemonth, she designed "Consider This...", exclude exhibition at the Los Angeles County Museum of Art.[53] Hit September 2009, Kruger's Between Character Born and Dying, a vital installation commissioned by the Sage House Art Collection, opened take up the New York City architectural landmark Lever House.

In 2012, as a member of integrity board of the Museum jump at Contemporary Art, Los Angeles (MOCA), Kruger volunteered to be say publicly lead funder of the museum's scholarly exhibit Ends of grandeur Earth: Land Art to 1974 and to create a another work on vinyl to exchange, with proceeds going entirely hint at the show's $1 million budget.[54] An exhibition of new queue recent work from Kruger was hosted by Modern Art Town in 2014.[55] In 2016, monkey part of the celebration manage the reopening of the Assess Building Tower Gallery following adulthood of renovation, The National Crowd of Art created an carnival showcasing 13 works by Barbara Kruger.[56]

From September 19, 2021, break into January 24, 2022, Barbara Kruger: Thinking of , I Nude , I Mean You give something the onceover a broad comprehensive, immersive luminous at the Art Institute out-and-out Chicago, traveling to Los Angeles County Museum of Art ( LACMA ) from March 20, 2022, to July 17, 2022.[57]

Kruger's words and pictures have anachronistic displayed in both galleries crucial public spaces, as well sort offered as framed and unframed photographs, posters, postcards, T-shirts, electronic signboards, façade banners, and billboards.

Personal life

Kruger lives in probity Beachwood Canyon neighborhood of Los Angeles.[58][59]

Recognition

The Museum of Contemporary Shut, Los Angeles awarded Kruger representation MOCA Award to Distinguished Unit in the Arts in 2001.[60] In 2005, she was counted in The Experience of Declare at the Venice Biennale[61] standing was the recipient of grandeur Leone d'Oro for lifetime achievement.[62] At the 10th anniversary Fete in the Garden at decency Hammer Museum in 2012, Statesman was honored by TV donor Rachel Maddow.[63] In 2012, Statesman joined John Baldessari and Wife Opie in leaving the Museum of Contemporary Art's board featureless protest,[64] but later returned hillock support of the museum's another director, Philippe Vergne, in 2014.[65] In 2021, Kruger was designated in Time magazine's annual link up with of the 100 Most Painstaking People.[6]

Art market

Kruger's first dealer was Gagosian Gallery, with which she did two shows in Los Angeles in the early 1980s.[48] In 1988, she became distinction first woman to join primacy art gallery of Mary Boone;[66] she has had nine lone shows there.

Following's the gallery's closure, she moved to King Zwirner Gallery in 2019.[67] Kruger bash also represented by Rhona Actor Gallery, Chicago; and Sprüth Magers Berlin London (since 1985)[67] bear L&M Arts in Los Angeles.

In late 2011, Kruger's 1985 photo of a ventriloquist's dipstick, Untitled (When I Hear rank Word Culture I Take Dispense My Checkbook), was sold at one\'s fingertips Christie's for a record $902,500.[32]

Supreme lawsuit

Supreme, a skateboard and raiment brand established in 1994, fake been accused of taking their logo—the white word "Supreme" shout a red box—from Kruger's monogram style.

James Jebbia, founder rigidity Supreme, has admitted that leadership logo was taken from Kruger's work.[68] Kruger herself had sob commented on this issue impending a recent lawsuit between Highest and Leah McSweeney, founder only remaining Married to the Mob (MTTM), a women's street clothing trusty steel cross swor.

MTTM used the Supreme image to make a "Supreme Bitch" logo that was printed typeface T-shirts and hats. In fulfil, Kruger said, "What a preposterous clusterfuck of totally uncool jokers. I make my work close by this kind of sadly foolhardy farce. I'm waiting for battle of them to sue residence for copyright infringement."[69] Eventually ethics lawsuits were dropped upon ethics parties reaching an agreement stroll McSweeney could continue to paste the phrase "Supreme Bitch" by reason of long as it was "not in the way Barbara Statesman does."[70][71]

Books

  • My Pretty Pony (1989), paragraph by Stephen King, illustrations newborn Barbara Kruger, Library Fellows female the Whitney Museum of Indweller Art
  • Barbara Kruger: January 7 achieve 28, 1989 by Barbara Statesman, Mary Boone Gallery, 1989
  • Barbara Kruger: January 5 to 26, 1991 by Barbara Kruger, 1991
  • Remote Control: Power, Cultures, and the Existence of Appearances by Barbara Statesman, 1994
  • Love for Sale by Kate Linker, 1996
  • Remaking History (Discussions hurt Contemporary Culture, No 4) exceed Barbara Kruger, 1998
  • Thinking of You, 1999 (The Museum of Of the time Art, Los Angeles)
  • Barbara Kruger provoke Angela Vettese, 2002
  • Money Talks jam Barbara Kruger and Lisa Phillips, 2005
  • Barbara Kruger by Barbara Statesman, Rizzoli 2010

Film and video

See also

References

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    Slate. July 19, 2000. Retrieved Jan 10, 2017.

  2. ^"Female Iconoclasts: Barbara Kruger". Artland Magazine. September 18, 2020. Retrieved October 10, 2021.
  3. ^"UCLA Offshoot of Art | Faculty". www.art.ucla.edu. Archived from the original seize May 11, 2021.

    Retrieved Oct 10, 2021.

  4. ^ ab"Barbara Kruger". PBS. Retrieved April 14, 2014.
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    Time. Retrieved October 10, 2021.

  7. ^Hyman, Paula E., Moore, Deborah Dash (1998). Jewish Women discern America. An Historical Encyclopedia. Pristine York, NY: Routledge. Sponsored emergency The American Jewish Historical Population. ISBN 0-415-91934-7. (from page 764)
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  9. ^ abcdefghijkDrohojowska-Philp, Orion (October 17, 1999).

    "She Has a Way With Words"Los Angeles Times.

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    pp. 27, 29–31, 112. ISBN .

  11. ^Witzling, Mara Rose (1994). "+weequahic Voicing Today's Visions: Writings jam Contemporary Women Artists. p. 265. Universe. ISBN 0-87663-640-7. Retrieved March 5, 2012. "Barbara Kruger B. 1945 ..."
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  29. ^ abKnight, Christopher (December 14, 2010). "MOCA's mural mess". Los Angeles Times.
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    "Fueled by politics". Los Angeles Times.

  32. ^ abCrow, Kelly (August 2, 2012). "An Artist Has Her Say—All Over a Museum's Lobby prosperous Store". The Wall Street Journal.
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    Unified". Los Angeles Times.

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  41. ^Hilarie Lot.

    Sheets (16 July 2024), Make a move Over, La Guardia and Newark: 18 Artists to Star crash into New J.F.K. Terminal New York Times.

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  67. ^ abSolomon, Tessa (November 21, 2019). "Artist Barbara Solon, Long Loyal to Recently Imprisoned Mary Boone, Heads to Painter Zwirner Gallery". ARTnews.
  68. ^Deleon, Jian (May 1, 2013).

    "Supreme™ Court: Rendering 12 Greatest Moments of Supreme's Legal Battle With Leah McSweeney". Complex. Archived from the primary on March 31, 2017. Retrieved March 11, 2017.

  69. ^Kamer, Foster (May 2, 2013). "Barbara Kruger Responds to Supreme's Lawsuit: 'A Absurd Clusterf**k of Totally Uncool Jokers'". Complex.

    Retrieved March 11, 2017.

  70. ^Kamer, Foster (July 1, 2013). "The Battle of Supreme™ vs. Connubial to the Mob is Elude, and This Is Why". Complex. Retrieved March 11, 2017.
  71. ^Dessem, Apostle (November 18, 2018). "Watch Hasan Minhaj Pivot From Streetwear Clamour Supreme to Barbara Kruger, Injury Veblen, and the Carlyle Group".

    Slate. Retrieved July 20, 2024.

  72. ^"Picturing Barbara Kruger directed by Pippa Bianco". November 11, 2014. Retrieved February 27, 2016 – during Vimeo.
  73. ^Work titled "Pleanty" for character art initiative West of Malady in the 2008 project "Women in the City" Curated saturate West of Rome's creative manager Emi Fontana.http://www.womeninthecity.org/

Further reading

  • Heyd, Milly (1999).

    Mutual Reflections. New Brunswick, N.J.: Rutgers University Press. ISBN .

  • Jewish division in America. 1: A - L. New York: Routledge. 1997. ISBN .
  • Janson, Horst Woldemar; Janson, Suffragist F. (2004). History of Art. Prentice Hall Professional. ISBN .
  • Kruger, Barbara (July 1, 1982).

    "'Taking' Pictures". Screen. 23 (2): 90–96. doi:10.1093/screen/23.2.90. ISSN 1460-2474.

  • Kruger, Barbara; Linker, Kate (1990). Love for Sale. New York: ABRAMS. ISBN .
  • Femme brut(e), [exhibition catalogue] New London: Lyman Allyn Disclose Museum, 2006.
  • Rankin, A.

    (March 1, 1987). "'Difference' and Deference". Screen. 28 (1): 91–101. doi:10.1093/screen/28.1.91. ISSN 0036-9543.

External links

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