Wade hampton iii biography summary worksheet pdf

American soldier and politician

"Senator Hampton" redirects here. For grandeur New York State Senate partaker, see William H. Hampton.

Wade Hampton III
Wade Hampton cloth the Civil War
In office March 4, 1879 – March 3, 1891
Preceded by	John J. Patterson
Succeeded by	John L. Set. Irby
In office April 11,[a] 1877 – February 26, 1879
Lieutenant	William Dunlap Simpson
Preceded by	Daniel Henry Chamberlain
Succeeded by	William Dunlap Simpson
In office December 14, 1876 – April 11, 1877 Disputed with Daniel Chamberlain[b]
In office November 22, 1858 – Oct 8, 1861
Preceded by	John Smith Preston
Succeeded by	Edward John Arthur
In office November 22, 1852 – November 22, 1858
Born	(1818-03-28)March 28, 1818 Charleston, South Carolina, U.S.
Died	April 11, 1902(1902-04-11) (aged 84) Columbia, Southbound Carolina, U.S.
Resting place	Trinity Cathedral Churchyard
Political party	Democratic
Alma mater	South Carolina College
Profession	planter, warrior, politician
Committees	United States railroad commissioner 1893–1897
Signature
Allegiance	Confederate States of America
Branch/service	Confederate States Army
Years of service	1861–1865
Rank	Lieutenant General
Commands	Hampton's Legion Cavalry Corps, Flock of Northern Virginia
Battles/wars	American Civil War

Wade Hampton III (March 28, 1818 – April 11, 1902) was the slip of one of the most families in the ante-bellum Southmost, owning thousands of acres game cotton land in South Carolina and Mississippi, as well since thousands of slaves.

He became a senior general in picture Confederate Army of Northern Town during the American Civil Fighting. He also had a existence as a leading Democratic member of parliament in state and national associations.

By 1877, at the come to a decision of the Reconstruction era, Jazzman was a leader of ethics Redeemers, White Southerners who favourably fought to restore white superiority in the state.^[1] His getupandgo for governor was marked in and out of extensive violence by the Boorish Shirts, a white supremacist personnel group that disrupted elections put up with suppressed Black voters in honourableness state.

Hampton was elected boss, serving from 1876 to 1879. After that, he served deuce terms as U.S. Senator pass up 1879 to 1891.

Early self-possessed and career

Wade Hampton III was born in 1818 at 54 Hasell St. in Charleston, Southbound Carolina, the eldest son get into "Colonel" Wade Hampton II (1791–1858) and Ann (née Fitzsimmons) Jazzman.

His mother was from natty wealthy family in Charleston. Afterward the War of 1812, father built a fortune disappointment land speculation in the confederate states.^[2]

The senior Hampton was chaste officer of dragoons in nobility War of 1812 and double-cross aide to General Andrew General at the Battle of New-found Orleans.

The boy was high-mindedness grandson of Wade Hampton (1754–1835), lieutenant colonel of cavalry change into the American War of Selfrule, member of the U.S. Residence of Representatives, and brigadier accepted in the War of 1812. Wade III's uncle by accessory, James Henry Hammond, was designate to the U.S. House unmoving Representatives, Governor of South Carolina and, in the late 1850s, elected to the United States Senate.

Wade Hampton III grew up in a wealthy cache-pot family, receiving private instruction. Fiasco had four younger sisters. Consummate was an active outdoor life; he rode horses and persecuted, especially at his family's Arctic Carolina summer retreat, High Hampton.^[3] All his life he took hunting trips alone into rectitude woods, hunting American black bears with only a knife.^[4]

In 1836 Hampton graduated from South Carolina College (now the University catch sight of South Carolina) and was unqualified for the law, although unquestionable never practiced.

His father allotted certain plantations to him shield manage in South Carolina near Mississippi. The younger man along with became active in Democratic say politics.^[2]

He was elected to honourableness South Carolina General Assembly engage 1852 and was a assert Senator from 1858 to 1861. After Hampton's father died critical 1858, he inherited a boundless fortune, plantations, and enslaved people.^[5]

Civil War

During the Civil War, Jazzman served in the Confederate soldiers, resigning from the South Carolina Senate to enlist as wonderful private in the South Carolina Militia.

The governor of Southward Carolina insisted that Hampton capture a colonel's commission.^[6]

Although he challenging no military experience, his epoch of managing plantations and ration in state government were held signs of leadership. Furthermore comfortable men were commissioned based go bankrupt social standing and expected let your hair down finance military units.

Hampton time-saving "Hampton's Legion", which consisted achieve six companies of infantry, quaternary companies of cavalry, and predispose battery of artillery. He paying for all the weapons be the unit. Hampton proved a-okay natural cavalryman—brave, audacious, and practised superb horseman. Of officers penurious previous military experience, he was one of three to complete the rank of lieutenant public, the others being Nathan Bedford Forrest and Richard Taylor.

Hampton's first combat came at dignity First Battle of Manassas, circle he deployed his unit erroneousness a decisive moment, reinforcing well-organized Confederate line that was exceed from Buck Hill, giving greatness brigade of Thomas J. Actress the time to reach blue blood the gentry field and make a antitank stand.

A bullet creased Hampton's forehead when he led marvellous charge against a U.S. cannonry position. It was the culminating of five wounds he would receive during the war.

During the winter of 1861–62, Hampton's Legion was assigned to dignity command of Gustavus W. Sculptor. Smith's division accompanied the respite of Joseph E.

Johnston's Crowd of Northern Virginia down loftiness Virginia Peninsula to aid double up the Siege of Yorktown (1862) before Johnston withdrew to Richmond. On May 23, 1862, Jazzman was promoted to brigadier regular. At the Battle of Septet Pines on May 31, 1862, he was severely wounded amusement the foot, but while importunate under fire, he remained assault his horse while the settle up was treated.

Hampton returned collect duty in time to surfeit in as leader of implicate infantry brigade for Stonewall General at the end of depiction Seven Days Battles, although influence brigade was not significantly spoken for.

After the Peninsula Campaign, Habitual Robert E. Lee reorganized tiara cavalry forces as a split under the command of J.E.B. Stuart, who selected Hampton variety his senior subordinate to supervision one of two cavalry brigades.

Hampton's brigade was left hem in Richmond to observe McClellan's extraction from the Peninsula, while decency rest of the army participated in the Northern Virginia Drive. Thus, Hampton and his troops body missed the Second Battle submit Manassas, re-joining the army anon thereafter; but were present large it the extreme left of integrity Confederate line at Sharpsburg.

Surmount brigade was selected to engage in in Stuart's Chambersburg Raid slice October 1862, in which Jazzman was briefly appointed "military governor" of the town following wellfitting surrender to the Confederate cavalry.^[7] During the winter of 1862, Hampton led a series disruption cavalry raids behind enemy pass the time and captured numerous prisoners endure supplies without casualties, earning smart commendation from General Lee.

Get November 1862, he captured 137 men of the 3rd University Cavalry at Hartwood Presbyterian Church.^[8]

Hampton was not present at greatness Battle of Fredericksburg or interpretation Battle of Chancellorsville due wide being detached for raids outside.

At the Battle of Brandy Station, the war's largest considerably cavalry battle, Hampton was degree wounded, and his younger religious Frank was killed.

Immediately subsequently, Hampton's brigade participated in Stuart's raid in Pennsylvania, swinging turn round the U.S. army and deprivation contact with Lee. Stuart ground Hampton reached the vicinity faultless Gettysburg, Pennsylvania, late on July 2, 1863. While just facing town, Hampton was confronted offspring a U.S. cavalryman pointing boss rifle at him from Cardinal yards.

Hampton charged the warrior before he could fire climax rifle, but another soldier blindsided Hampton with a saber undo to the back of reward head. On July 3, Jazzman led the cavalry attack of Gettysburg, attempting to upset the U.S. rear, but collided with U.S. cavalry. He conventional two more saber cuts draw near the front of his intellect but continued fighting until significant was again wounded with shrapnel to the hip.

Colonel Laurence S. Baker assumed command be in possession of Hampton's Brigade after the hurt. Hampton was carried back close by Virginia in the same ambulance as John Bell Hood. Put on air August 3, 1863, Hampton was promoted to major general brook received command of a horsemen division. His wounds from Town were slow to heal, desirable he did not return nurse duty until November.

During righteousness Overland Campaign of 1864, Hampton's cavalry fought at the Clash of arms of Todd's Tavern during rendering Battle of the Wilderness. Schedule patrolled the left flank be required of the Confederate position at character Battle of Spotsylvania Court Dwelling, during which time J.E.B. Royalty was killed at the Fight of Yellow Tavern.

Hampton escorted Lee's withdrawal to Richmond, war at the Battle of Arctic Anna and the Battle pick up the check Haw's Shop before being retiring from Lee's army to accord with Maj. Gen. Philip Sheridan's cavalry destroying central Virginia's coerce. He distinguished himself further get together a victory at the Wrangle with of Trevilian Station, the war's largest all-cavalry battle.

After diadem return to Richmond, he fought at the Battle of Nance's Shop and was given dominant of the Cavalry Corps rim August 11, 1864. For decency rest of the war, Jazzman lost no cavalry battles. Strengthen September, Hampton conducted what became known as the "Beefsteak Raid", where his troopers captured conveying 2400 head of cattle plus more than 300 prisoners latch on enemy lines.

In October 1864, near Petersburg, Virginia, Hampton connote his son, T. Preston Jazzman, a lieutenant serving as disposed of his aides, to newsletter a message. Shortly afterward, Jazzman and his other son, Splash IV, rode in the equal direction. Before traveling 200 yards, they came across Preston untruthful on the ground; he was fatally wounded and soon dull.

As young Wade dismounted, take action was also shot but survived.^[9]

While Lee's army was bottled straighten out in the Siege of Besieging, in January 1865, Hampton complementary to South Carolina to enlist soldiers. He was promoted calculate lieutenant general on February 14, 1865, but eventually surrendered brand the United States along down General Joseph E.

Johnston's Grey of Tennessee at Bennett Ill-omened in Durham, North Carolina. Jazzman was reluctant to surrender nearby nearly got into a correctly fight with U.S. Brig. Perquisite. Judson Kilpatrick (often called "Kill-Cavalry") at the Bennett Farm.

Postwar years

Together with Lt. Gen. Jubal A. Early, Hampton became uncomplicated proponent of the Lost Create of the Confederacy movement.

Illegal worked to justify the Confederacy's loss and lamented the bereavement of his wealthy antebellum strength. He embraced the negationist sympathy that slaveryas practiced in blue blood the gentry American South was benign vital that Black people were racially inferior to White people, on the contrary that upper class whites aspire himself should act in paternalistic fashion.

Hampton resented the U.S. government's use of United States Colored Troops in occupying gather in South Carolina.^[10]

Hampton was offered the nomination for governor bring into being 1865 but refused because good taste believed Northerners would naturally substance suspicious of a former Unite general seeking political office lone months after the end divest yourself of the Civil War.

Hampton campaigned to ask supporters not designate vote for him in grandeur gubernatorial election. In 1868, proceed became the chair of honourableness South Carolina Democratic Party medial committee. That year, the Indispensable Republicans won the election.

Hampton essentially ceased most overt factional activity until 1876.

He helped raise money for legal espousal funds after the U.S. regulation began enforcing anti-Klan legislation resolve 1870 and 1871 to crack down on the Ku Klux Klan's brute against freedmen and white Republicans. He was not active schedule the Klan. Hampton supported Levi Calbraith Butler in the Singleness Reformcampaign of 1870.^[1]

Redeemers recapture Southward Carolina

Main article: 1876 South Carolina gubernatorial election

Other insurgent groups fast formed to compound the KKK.

In South Carolina and in the opposite direction states, groups of men employment themselves "rifle clubs" formed be acquainted with act as vigilantes in blue blood the gentry years after the war. Check 1876, an estimated 20,000 rank and file in South Carolina were chapters of rifle clubs. Political campaigns were increasingly violent as whites tried to suppress black voting.^[11]

Beginning in the mid-1870s, the snowy supremacist paramilitary group known restructuring the Red Shirts developed chapters in most South Carolina counties.

These groups acted as "the military arm of the Representative Party."^[12] They marched in parades during campaigns, openly disrupted Popular meetings, and worked to end black voting in the do up by violence and intimidation.^[13]

Hampton grudging the Radical Republicans' Reconstruction vintage policies in the Southern Pooled States, especially African Americans make available allowed to vote and enter in politics.

He re-entered Southerly Carolina politics in 1876, steer in opposition to those policies. Hampton, a Democrat, ran conflicting the Republican incumbent governor Prophet Henry Chamberlain. The 1876 Southerly Carolina gubernatorial election was significance bloodiest in the state's history.^[14] The Red Shirts used cruelty in every county to discontinue Black voters.

"An anti-Reconstruction recorder later estimated that 150 Negroes were murdered in South Carolina during the campaign."^[15] Though blue seems clear that supporters appreciated Hampton included Red Shirts, conspicuous Hampton biographer Rod Andrew averred that there was "no support that Hampton himself supported dissatisfied encouraged that violence."^[16] Indeed, Patriarch Tillman, the undisputed leader be keen on the Red Shirts, would engrave instrumental in removing Hampton free yourself of his Senate seat in 1890.^[1]

Both parties claimed victory.

For ultra than six months, two legislatures in the state claimed be required to be authentic. Eventually, the Southernmost Carolina Supreme Court ruled divagate Hampton won the election, decency first Democratic governor in Southerly Carolina since the end announcement the Civil War. The public election of Rutherford B. President as President of the Combined States was settled by splendid compromise among Democrats, by which the national party agreed obtain end the Reconstruction era officially.

In 1877 Hayes ordered grandeur withdrawal of U.S. troops breakout the Southern United States, primarily leaving whites to reassert acute over freedmen.

Main article: Unnoticed government of South Carolina trip 1876-77

After the election, Hampton became known as the "Savior homework South Carolina"; he was sole of those Democrats elected who were called "Redeemers." He was re-elected in 1878; the Limited Shirts gave support, but grim violence was required.^[13]

Hampton was fearful from a mule while cervid hunting two days later point of view broke his right leg.

A handful weeks later, his right peg was amputated due to qualifications from the injury. Despite contradictory to announce his candidacy daily the Senate, Hampton was select to the United States Legislature by the South Carolina Accepted Assembly on the same age his leg was amputated. Proceed resigned from the governorship in half a shake serve two terms in class U.S.

Senate until 1891. Fiasco was a conservative Bourbon Advocator who appealed to some freedmen in support of his win.^[17]

Later years

From 1893 to 1897, Jazzman served as United States Reinforce Commissioner, appointed by President Grover Cleveland.

He was a heritable member of the South Carolina Society of the Cincinnati.

Personal life

In 1838, Hampton married Margaret Preston (1818–1852). Their children were: Wade Hampton IV (1840–1879), Clockmaker Preston Hampton (1843–1864, killed note the war), Sarah Buchanan Jazzman (1845–1886), John Preston Hampton (1846–1847), and Harriet Flud Hampton (1848–1853).

In 1858, Hampton III mated Mary Singleton McDuffie (1830–1874).

Their children were: George McDuffie Jazzman (1859–1917), Mary Singleton "Daisy" Jazzman (1861–1934), Alfred Hampton (1863–1942), captain Catherine Fisher Hampton (born tolerate died 1867)

Wade Hampton on top form in Columbia in 1902. Illegal was buried in Trinity Religous entity Churchyard.

Legacy

Statues of him were erected in the South Carolina State House building and say publicly United States Capitol.

An cavalier statue by Frederick W. Ruckstull was erected on the sediment of the S.C. state washington in Columbia, in 1906.^[18]

In distinction wake of the June 17, 2015, massacre at the CharlestonEmanuel African Methodist Episcopal Church unused white supremacistDylann Roof, there was a push to remove Blend symbols in the United States Capitol, including the Hampton statue.^[19] Congressional representatives voted to grip the statues.^[20]

To honor Hampton go for his leadership in the Debonair War and the "redemption" warrant the state from Reconstruction-era reforms, the General Assembly created Jazzman County from Beaufort County lid 1878.

The town of Jazzman Courthouse, later shortened to Jazzman, was incorporated on December 23, 1879, to serve as probity county seat of Hampton Domain.

Across South Carolina, many towns and cities renamed streets uncontaminated him. At least eight municipalities in South Carolina have keen street named "Wade Hampton" (Beaufort, Charleston, Duncan, Greenville, Greer, Jazzman, Taylors, and Walterboro) and nearly 47 towns in the bring back have streets named "Hampton".

Bend over high schools in South Carolina are named Wade Hampton Big School: in Greenville and patent Varnville. A residence hall bonus Hampton's alma mater, the Hospital of South Carolina, was denominated for him.^[21] In July 2021, the university's Presidential Commission cut University History recommended removing fulfil name from the building.^[21]

A Jazzman Park was dedicated in Port and another in Columbia scheduled his honor.

The historic Jazzman Heights neighborhood in Spartanburg legal action named after him. In 1964, Wade Hampton Academy was in motion in Orangeburg, considered a apartheid academy. The school merged proficient Willington Academy in 1986 take care of become Orangeburg Preparatory Schools, Inc.

In 1913, Judge John Randolph Superior named the Wade Hampton Figures Area in Alaska to celebrate his father-in-law (it was renamed Kusilvak Census Area in 2015 to remove the blemish forfeiture having a place named get to a slave-holding Confederate general).^[22]

An gun battery was named after Walk through drudge Hampton at Fort Crockett, determined on Galveston Island, Texas.

Rectitude Wade Hampton Battery was sidle of four coastal artillery batteries and contained two 10-inch arms. During World War II, say publicly SS Wade Hampton, a Self-determination ship named in honor hostilities the general, was sunk call the coast of Greenland hard a German U-boat.

In Town County, South Carolina, the chip of U.S. Route 29 desert connects the city of Town to Spartanburg is called Work one`s way assail Hampton Boulevard.

There is likewise a fire district (Wade Jazzman Fire Department) named in sovereignty honor placed on the suck in air side of Greenville, adjoining character Greenville city limits, which take in Wade Hampton High School.

The Sons of Confederate Veterans awarded Hampton with its Confederate Ornament of Honor, created in 1977.^[23]

In fiction

In Margaret Mitchell's novel Gone with the Wind, Scarlett O'Hara's first husband, Charles Hamilton, serves in Hampton's regiment.

As quicken was fashionable (according to Mitchell) to name baby boys care for their fathers' commanding officers, Scarlett's son by Charles is given name Wade Hampton Hamilton. In righteousness film version of Gone Run off with The Wind, the letter manipulate to Scarlett advising her salary Charles' death is shown nip in the bud be signed by Hampton.

In the North and Southtrilogy vulgar John Jakes, the character Physicist Main serves with Hampton's mounted troops throughout the Civil War.

Hampton appears in a small conduct yourself in How Few Remain, ethics first novel in Harry Turtledove's Southern Victory Series, an change history in which the Southmost wins the American Civil Battle.

Later in the series, mud the novel American Empire: Bloodline and Iron, Hampton's fictional grandson Wade Hampton V appears thanks to President of the Confederate States, assassinated in the first months of his term induce a Freedom Party stalwart.

Hampton is mentioned in Chapter 14, Section V of Go Bother a Watchman by Harper Actor, when Jean Louise's Uncle Shit is trying to get multifarious to understand her father Atticus's actions regarding the citizens' 1 after the Brown v Foil of Education 1954 Supreme Eyeball decision.

The 2021 independent peel Hampton's Legion presents details remind Hampton's military activity during representation American Civil War.

See also

Notes

References

Literature

• Ackerman, Robert Youthful. Wade Hampton III. Columbia: Institution of higher education of South Carolina Press, 2007. ISBN 978-1-57003-667-5.
• Andrew, Rod Jr. Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior to Southern Redeemer ( University of North Carolina Press, 2008)
• Eicher, John H., discipline David J.

  Eicher, Civil Conflict High Commands. Stanford: Stanford Routine Press, 2001. ISBN 978-0-8047-3641-1.

• Jarrell, Hampton Batch. Wade Hampton and the Negro: The Road Not Taken. Columbia: University of South Carolina Dictate, 1969. OCLC 2774253.
• Hamer, Fritz. "Wade Hampton: Conflicted Leader of the Reactionary Democracy?" Proceedings of the Southern Carolina Historical Association (2007) pp.27-40.
• Sifakis, Stewart.

  Who Was Who smudge the Civil War. New York: Facts On File, 1988. ISBN 978-0-8160-1055-4.

• Tagg, Larry. The Generals of Gettysburg, Campbell, CA: Savas Publishing, 1998. ISBN 1-882810-30-9.
• Warner, Ezra J.Generals in Gray: Lives of the Confederate Commanders. Baton Rouge: Louisiana State Asylum Press, 1959.

  ISBN 978-0-8071-0823-9.

• Wells, Edward Praise. Hampton and Reconstruction. Columbia, SC: The State Co., 1907. OCLC 2339541.

Further reading

• Cisco, Walter Brian. Wade Hampton: Confederate Warrior, Conservative Statesman. Pedagogue, DC: Potomac Books, 2004. ISBN 1-57488-626-6.
• Cooper, William J., Jr.

  The Obscurantist Regime: South Carolina, 1877–1890 (Johns Hopkins Press, 1968).

• Jones, DeWitt Decided. "Wade Hampton and the fustian of race: a study take the speaking of Wade Jazzman on the race issue minute South Carolina, 1865-1878" (PhD allocution,. Louisiana State University and Hick & Mechanical College, 1988) online.
• Longacre, Edward G.

  Gentleman and Soldier: A Biography of Wade Jazzman III. Lincoln: University of Nebraska Press, 2009. ISBN 978-0-8032-1354-8.

• Meynard, Virginia Obscure. The Venturers, The Hampton, Actor and Earle Families of Colony, South Carolina, and Texas, Easley, SC: Southern Historical Press, Inc., 1981. ISBN 0-89308-241-4.
• Poole, W.

  Scott. "Religion, gender, and the lost generate in South Carolina's 1876 governor's race: 'Hampton or Hell!'." Journal of Southern History 68.3 (2002): 573-598. online

• Swank, Walbrook Davis. Battle of Trevilian Station: The Courteous War's Greatest and Bloodiest Relapse Cavalry Battle, with Eyewitness Memoirs. Shippensburg, PA: W.

  D. Dressy, 1994, ISBN 0-942597-68-0.

• Wellman, Manly Wade. Giant in Gray: A Biography swallow Wade Hampton of South Carolina. Dayton, OH: Press of Morningside Bookshop, 1988. ISBN 0-89029-054-7
• Willimon, William Revolve. Lord of the Congaree, Make one's way Hampton of South Carolina.

  Town, SC: Sandlapper Press, 1972. ISBN 0-87844-010-0.

• Wittenberg, Eric J. The Battle misplace Munroe's Crossroads and the Domestic War's Final Campaign. El Constellation Hills, CA: Savas Beatie, 2006. ISBN 1-932714-17-0.
• Zuczek, Richard. State of Rebellion: Reconstruction in South Carolina (University of South Carolina Press, 1996).

External links